PURPOSES : This study is to develop ISM for potential risk factor in School Zone. METHODS : Based on the literature review, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been used most widely. However, it is difficult to apply in practice because the AHP results have the characteristics of the independence between each element and the interlayer can not explain the interrelationship. The Network Analysis Process (ANP) is possible to analyze the relationship between the elements and the network through the feedback. But, the reliability of the analysis fall because of complicated pair of comparison, also it is difficult to solve the super matrix. In this study, the complicated relationship between each element is inquired through the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). RESULTS : The methodology of ISM is developed to remove the children's potential risk factors in school zone. CONCLUSIONS : It is possible to remove the children's potential risk factors from low level to high level step by step and improve safety. Through this, risk factors can be removed from the low-level, and upper-level will automatically improve.

Failure risk investigation of any structure in a seismic zone can be done by the seismic probabilistic risk assessment (SPRA), which became a very attractive area of research in terms of safety measurement. This paper introduces such kind of concept to identify which magnitude in a specific seismic zone will contribute more vulnerable failure point in a structure. Here, for implement this idea a case study on a concrete gravity dam has been carried out. In order to make a correlation between the magnitude and failure risk contribution based on different damage stage, a combination of seismic hazard analysis and the probability of structural collapse is adopted. Therefore, the deaggregation of the mean annual frequency of failure risk by magnitude is used in this study to quantify four different limit stages of failure identification criteria. Consequently, from analyzing the result, in case of concrete gravity dam, this deaggregation approach shows the tensile crack in the base looks more vulnerable damage stage for the specific seismic zone.

매년 여름철 집중호우에 의한 산사태가 지속적으로 발생하고 있으나, 국내에서 산사태 분석에 대한 연구는 미진한 편이다. 현재 산사태 분석에 광범위하게 활용되는 GIS 분석기법(정성적 분석)은 주관적인 요소가 많아 산사태 위험지 평가시 위험지역이 넓게 나타나는 광역적 분포양상을 보인다. 본 연구에서는 중첩기법을 통한 정성적 분석방법을 보완하기 위하여 SINMAP 프로그램을 활용한 무한사면해석을 실시하였다. SINMAP을 통한 무한사면분석기법은 확률적 기법과 수리적 모델을 결합하여 정량적인 분석이 가능하도록 한다. SINMAP을 활용하여 기존 산사태 발생지역에 대한 산사태 분석결과 예측지역과 기존 산사태 발생지역이 거의 일치하는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 기존 산사태 분석기법에 비하여 산사태 발생가능지역의 정밀도가 향상됨을 확인하였다. 이러한 산사태 위험지 예측기법연구는 일정시간 강우가 지속되지 않을 경우 산사태 발생가능성이 없으므로, 향후 산사태 위험지 선정 후 강우조건에 따른 연계해석을 병행하여 산사태 위험지 평가에 대한 신뢰도를 높여야 한다.