In this study, Stockbridge damper was adopted to reduce the reponses of structures under earthquakes. A finite element analysis software, SAP2000, was used to simulate the structural response and the control device under dynamic loads. A 3 story frame model and the proposed control device, Stockbridge damper, were designed under laboratory conditions. In this research, a pendulum type tuned mass damper (PTMD) was also adopted in order to compare with the Stockbridge damper. Harmonic loads were applied to verity the control performance of both control devices in each mode. In results, it has been found that the Stockbirdge damper decreases significantly the responses of the structure more than the PTMD under the harmonic loadings. The El Centro and Northridge earthquakes were also applied in order to investigate the performance by both control devices. The responses of the building demonstrate that the Stockbridge damper reduces the response of the building structure during earthquakes more effectively than the PTMD.

장경간 교량의 낮은 감쇠비로 인하여 발생하는 구조물의 진동은 구조물의 안전성 및 사용성에 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 시공 중인 교량에 지배적으로 발생하는 연직 방향 진동을 제어하기 위하여 능동형 질량댐퍼(AMD)를 연구하였다. 대상 사장교의 동특성을 조사하기 위하여 모드 해석이 수행되었으며 이를 바탕으로 제어 성능과 설치 공간에 적합한 AMD를 설계하기 위하서 LQR(Linear Quadratic Regulator) 제어 알고리즘을 사용하였다. 성능 검증을 위하여 건설 단계의 대상 구조물과 AMD를 1/10.5의 상사비로 축소시킨 시작품을 설계, 제작하였으며, 시스템 식별을 수행하여 Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) 제어 알고리즘을 적용하였다. 성능 실험 결과 AMD 제어 시에 높은 제어 효과를 구현하였으며, 실험 결과를 수치해석과 비교를 통하여 제어기 설계의 타당성을 확인하였다.

When gasoline car using gasoline additives and lubricant additives was running, we were able to find the characteristics which is related to noise and vibration, and also affection of emission by chassis dynamometer. The results are followed. 1) change of HC was not related to lubricant additives, it turned out that change of HC will be low, when ratio of gasoline additives is high. 2) NOx was detected to high, when ratio of lubricant additives is high. And when ratio of gasoline additives was 8.29, the data for NOx was lowest. 3) CO2 was 13.5～14% constantly, this result is not related to ratio of lubricant additives and gasoline additives. 4) Noise was not related to both of them ratio of lubricant additives and gasoline additives. But vibration was downed to 120Hz at 40km/h due to lubricant additives.

Hushoujing(狐首經) is Fengshui documents traditionally known to be written by Baihe(白鶴) of Han(漢) dynasty, which is hardly known in Korea. Baihe, the author, like Qingwuzi(靑烏子) has no evident personal background in history. There is a copy known to be written by Baihe of Han dynasty included in Dilitongyiquanshu( 地理統一全書), which was published in 1628. The editor is known as Yuxiangtou( 余象斗) from Fujiansheng(福建省) Jianyangxian(建陽縣) the same home town as Zhuxi(朱熹)'s. In contents and system, Hushoujing has the deep(profound) relationships between Qingwujing(靑烏經) and Zangshu(葬書), which attracts attention nowadays. Studying the relationships between Qingwujing, Zangshu and Hushoujing is the realm which requires systematic approach. Another reason for Hushoujing's attraction in Fengshui research lies in the contents related with Liqilun(理氣論). Mentioning Xingqilun(形氣論), Hushoujing also includes the explanation of Chinese compass needle, Deshui(得水) and Pokou(破口), and it is directly connected with the main theme of Liqilun. Hushoujing reveals a view point that both Xingqi(形氣) and Liqi(理氣) are important. Accordingly this means that we can understand Liqilun more clearly through studying Hushoujing. It is clearly recorded in the documents of Song(宋) dynasty that there was odd notes documents of Hushoujing as well as mentioning it. Therefore it is very likely that Hushoujing had been written before Song dynasty. Being contained in Huxianshengyinyangbeiyong(胡先生陰陽備用), Dilicanzanxuanjixianp oji(地理參贊玄機仙婆集), Dilitongyiquanshu, Lidaidilizhengyimishuershisizhong(歷代地理正 義秘書二十四種), Xingjiaershizhong(形家二十種), 5 kinds of Hushoujing‘s copies are descended. The contents of Hushoujing are also introduced in documents of sejong period in The Annals of the Choson Dynasty. This means that Hushoujing is the geographical books prevailed representatively in early years of Choson Dynasty and studying Hushoujing is indispensible to studying Fengshui history or Chinese compass(羅盤) as well as deep understanding of Fengshui theory.

This study was to analyze the philologicalcharacterofHuangdizhaijing(黃帝宅經). Huangdizhaijing isafirststagescripturesofYangzhaiFengshui(陽宅風水)whichisthe firstlymentionedbookinSikuquanshu(四庫全書).Huangdizhaijingisanobligatory book to read to understand the palace ofancientdynasty as wellas generalhousing of people. Huangdizhaijing measured housing conditions divided into Yangzhai(陽宅) and Yinzhai(陰宅).The contents succeeded traditionalYangzhaiguan(陽宅觀)which values direction(方向)andJiri(吉日).Thatis,classifying Yangzhaiinto24directionsbasedon QiofYinYang(陰陽之氣)theory,generalcontentsofHuangdizhaijingexplainsregulatory rulesand propitiousday in accordancewith theYangzhaimathematicalprinciplesand archaeology through Jixiongshenshalun(吉凶神煞論).Huangdizhaijing includesthekernel ofunderstanding thechinesearchitectsystem andhousing culturebecauseitdescribes closereciprocalinfluencesbetweenmanandhouse. It seems that the author of Huangdizhaijing is not the emperor but he was represented by descendants who systemized the idea ofHuangdizhaijing in Yangzhai shu(陽宅書).Being theremany ofdocumentspresentedby emperorlikeHuangdineijing (黃帝內徑),Itiscountedthatthereasonoftherepresentingemperoristoshow offits originhaslongandauthoritativehistory. Itseemsthatthepreserved period ofwriting Huangdizhaijing isTang(唐)dynasty, butcounting thatvariousYangzhaishuprevailed,Huangdizhaijing'scontentshasmuch in common with Dunhuangben(敦煌本), and it valued Menfazhidu(門閥制度) of Weijinnanbeichao(魏晉南北朝) dynasty,the many ofthe contents of Huangdizhaijing shouldbe formedbeforeTangdynasty. The exiting editions ofHuangdizhaijing could be divided into generally 8 kinds:① Zhengtongdaocangben(正統道藏本) ②Yimenguangduben(夷門廣牘本) ③Jindaimishuben(津 逮秘書本) ④Shuofuben(說郛本) ⑤Gujintushujichengben(古今圖書集成本) ⑥ Sikuquanshuben(四庫全書本)⑦Xuejintaoyuanben(學津討原本)⑧Dunhuangben(敦煌本)

This study was to analyze the philological character of Qingwujing(靑烏經). Qingwujing is the oldest and representative documents of FengShui, especially famous for FengShui XingQi(形氣) theories. In spite of its fame, a systematic research for Qingwujing was not yet fulfilled up to now in Korea. It is the main reason why have to research the philological character of Qingwujing. The results from this research were described as following. Qingwuzi(靑烏子), as known of Qingwujing's writer is very famous already in Han(漢) dynasty for his accurate FengShui methods. His FengShui theories getting more powerful from WeiChen(魏晉) to Tang(唐) dynasty. In Tang(唐) dynasty his FengShui theoies widely disseminated and hold a great position in Chinese FengShui. Cause of cultural interchange between Korea and China, Qingwuzi had a big amount of influence on Korean FengShui. Qingwujing(靑烏經) was basically formed in Han(漢) dynasty and obtained a great fame from WeiChen(魏晉) to Tang(唐) dynasty. In Tang(唐) dynasty Qingwujing was abolished by government rulers, but it recovered and retouched by some scholars from Tang(唐) and Song(宋) dynasty. In the process, the block book of Qingwujing were changed for four or five kinds. Qingwujing's block books of Ming(明) dynasty are Yimenguangdu(夷門廣牘), Jindaimishu(津逮秘書), Xiaoshisanjing(小十三經), Jujiabibei(居家必備), and Shuofu(說郛). It's block books of Qing(淸) dynasty are Gujintushujicheng(古今圖書集成), Sikuquanshu(四庫全書), Xuejintaoyuan(學津討原), and Ershierziquanji(二十二子全集). It's block book of Choson(朝鮮) dynasty is KyujangKak(奎章閣). Among them distinctive characters been founded, but the basic contents and theories are almost same. In Korea, Qingwuzi's FengShui theories were confirmed in Silla(新羅) dynasty, and it recoreded in Soongboksa inscription written by Choi-CheeWon. Qingwu(靑烏) or Qingwuzi were known for a great FengShui master or a FengShui standing theories in Koryeo(高麗) and Choson dynasty among royal families and the aristocratic classes. And Qingwujing was a representative FengShui theory book in wh0.1ole period of Choson dynasty. Now for understanding traditional FengShui theories, we have to understand the main FengShui theories in Choson dynasty at first. For understanding Choson FengShui, the study on philological character of Qingwujing is the basic works. If those works fulfilled successfully, we can understand FengShui theories and FengShu itself more correctly.

누에 배설물에서 ethanol추출한 녹색색소의 몇가지 특성을 검토한 결과, 본 색소는 흡수극대가 415nm와 657nm인 2개의 peak를 확인할 수 있었다. 광선의 존재 하에서는 안정하지 못했으나 Al-foil, 녹색 및 청색 셀로판 포장에 의해서는 우수한 안정성을 나타내어 이들 포장재의 광선 차단효과가 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 70℃에서 20일까지도 안정성이 유지되었으며 Na^+, K^+, Ca^2+, Mg^2+, Zn2+에 의해서도 안정성이 유지되었다. 5.0% 농도까지의 acetic acid에서도 안정성이 유지되었으나, lactic acid, citric acid. trartaric acid의 차례로 농도가 증가할수록 안정성에 커다란 저해를 받은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 TLC결과 8종의 색소성분으로 구성되어 있었으며 주색소는 F-1, F-2 및 F-3의 3종으로 나타났다. 이들중 F-1과 F-2는 녹색을 나타내었으며 F-3는 황색을 나타내었다.

Failure risk investigation of any structure in a seismic zone can be done by the seismic probabilistic risk assessment (SPRA), which became a very attractive area of research in terms of safety measurement. This paper introduces such kind of concept to identify which magnitude in a specific seismic zone will contribute more vulnerable failure point in a structure. Here, for implement this idea a case study on a concrete gravity dam has been carried out. In order to make a correlation between the magnitude and failure risk contribution based on different damage stage, a combination of seismic hazard analysis and the probability of structural collapse is adopted. Therefore, the deaggregation of the mean annual frequency of failure risk by magnitude is used in this study to quantify four different limit stages of failure identification criteria. Consequently, from analyzing the result, in case of concrete gravity dam, this deaggregation approach shows the tensile crack in the base looks more vulnerable damage stage for the specific seismic zone.

This paper concern the performance of tuned mass damper (TMD) and dynamic behaviour of TMD controlled structure considering constitutive material model. A three-storied reinforced concrete frame is modelled using OpenSees for this study. Considering the non-linear materials model, the performance of the TMD not only rely on the mass, stiffness and damping of the system but also on the parameter to be controlled by TMD and the input ground motion types. For this reason in this study some practical, sine sweep and damped sine sweep are considered as input excitation to the evaluate exact dynamic behaviour of TMD controlled structure.

All over the world, concrete gravity dams have to withstand lots of environmental hazards and time-varying external loading during an earthquake. Therefore, the risk assessment of this structure with time may become an important study for the dam structure, which is related to the chemo-mechanical effect on the aging concrete. The focusing point of this study is to propose an earthquake assessment procedure to determine the failure probability with time of any concrete gravity dam for the future if we consider the material deterioration. This material decay is mainly associated with the modulus of elasticity of the concrete and it is explained briefly in the manuscript.

An approach is presented for evaluating the vulnerability of electric cabinet in nuclear power plants. The method is based on the lognormal approach, including the maximum likelihood estimation and linear regression to establish the fragility curves. These procedures are applied for a cabinet considering various boundary conditions, which are expressed by restrained and anchored models at the base. The cabinet models have been built and verified by using the system identification technique. The results show that the fragility curves obtained for the anchored model are found to be closer to each other, compared to the fragility curves for the restrained model.

Deterministic seismic analysis of cabinet facility does not reflect the real behavior of the system with the uncertainties of material parameters. This paper investigates the effects of uncertain properties in the context of random field theory for the stochastic dynamic response of cabinet. The influences of different decomposition methods (i.e. Cholesky, Eigen, and modified Cholesky) with various correlation lengths of the spatial material distribution are explored. The responses are compared to the case where no variation is applied in the properties of the model.

In this study, a nonlinear analysis method was proposed to investigate serviceability of rail fastening system in concrete track at the railway bridge end. The serviceability investigation method of the fastening system in concrete track is time consuming and is complex in design because of the many decks and fastening systems. In addition, there is also a case where an expensive special fastening device is installed due to the stiffness of the rail fastening device assumed to be linear and the excessive design result by the linear analysis method. Therefore, in this study, the clamping force test was performed to confirm the nonlinearity of fastener. The conventional linear analysis method and the proposed nonlinear analysis method were performed for the railway bridge model specimen with concrete tracks, and the uplift forces acting on the fastening systems were compared and analyzed.

The mechanical behavior of the fasting system on the clamping forces has not been fully studied because of structural complexity. The goal of this research is studying the effect of nonlinear of the rail fastening system on the clamping forces in the railway bridges. A numerical model is proposed to analyze the problem of fasteners. The model is conducted by using a code in FORTRAN. In this study, fasteners are modelled as springs. The calculated results show a good agreement with values referred from manufacturer. As a result, the numerical simulation is believed to indicate an approximate value of clamping force considering the nonlinear behavior of fastening system.

‘Hyowon 4’, a new medium maturing glutinous rice variety was developed by the rice breeding team of Pusan National University in 2013. This cultivar was derived from a cross between ‘Boseokchal’ and ‘Donna’ with good glutinous property. During F3~F8 generation, breeding lines were selected by a pedigree breeding method. As a result, the promising line (JS23-4-39-14-5-1-1-1) with good glutinous property was advanced and designated as the name of ‘SP 106’ in 2012. This variety headed on Aug. 15, which is 2 days later than ‘Dongjinchal’ in middle plane. The culm length and panicle length of this variety was 82.4 cm and 21.1 cm, respectively. This variety has about 13.9 tillers per a hill and 100 spikelets per a panicle. The ratio of ripened grain is about 92.0% and 1000-grain weight was 20.9 g in brown rice. The yield performance was 5.03 MT/ha in local adaptability test.

'Hyowon 2’, a new medium-late maturing glutinous rice variety with short clum and lodging tolerance was developed by the rice breeding team of Pusan National University in 2013. This cultivar was derived from a cross between 'Junam’ as a short clum source and ‘Donna’ with a good glutinous properties. During selected by the pedigree breeding method, until F8 generation. As a result, a promising line, JS22-3-24-1-6-2-1-1-1, was advanced and designated as the name of ‘SP 105’ in 2012. This variety headed on Aug. 22 is 9 days later than ‘Dongjinchal’ in middle plane. The Culm length and panicle length of this variety was 65.6 cm and 22.5 cm, respectively. This variety has about 14.4 tillers per hill and 113 spikelet numbers per panicle. The ratio of ripened grain is about 93.0% and 1000-grain weight was 18.4 g in brown rice. This variety has higher α-tocotrienol content compared to that of ‘Hwasunchal’. The yield performance of brown rice was 4.81 MT/ha in local adaptability test.

Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) and viscoelastic damper (VED) is a well-known vibration absorbing equipment in the civil engineering realm. Although the dampers are typically used separately, combined use of dampers worth investigation. For that purpose, a numerical model of multi-story building equipped with TMD and VED was developed using finite element software SAP2000. In this study, modal parameter based distribution of hybrid damper system (HDS) using Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) and viscoelastic damper (VED) together has been adopted to reduce the seismic response of the structure.

This study focus on Perimeter Concrete Wall Dampers (PCWD). PCWD can achieve required large mass ratio without additional mass. This system also can control multimode vibration. Suitable location for the installation of PCWD and their tuning frequencies are selected based on modal parameters of the uncontrolled structure respectively. In addition to the numerical simulation, an eleven story is modeled using SAP2000. The proposed system is greatly reducing seismic response of main structure.

In here, a Modified Diagrid Structural System (MDSS) has been proposed to compare with diagrid structural system, Regular Frame with Optimized Single Tuned Mass Damper (RFwOSTMD) system and Regular Frame without Optimized Single Tuned Mass Damper (RFwoOSTMD) system. To this aim, a rectangular reinforced cement concrete (R.C.C) building and a diagrid R.C.C multi-storey building were considered, and analyzed without controlling device, with optimized TMD, Diagrid Structural System (DSS), and MDSS. All of the models are investigated by using SAP2000. All of the buildings are analyzed and evaluated under El-centro earthquake. The response of proposed MDSS under earthquake is compared with the RFwoOSTMD, RFwOSTMD and DSS. The results show that the proposed MDSS is preferable than the DSS, as well as RFwOSTMD.