After the decision of the Wolsong unit 1 permanent shutdown (2019), spent fuel stored in the spent fuel bay (hereafter, SFB) should be transported to a dry storage facility (MACSTOR or Canister) in order to decommission Wolsong unit 1. Accordingly, KHNP has established a shipment schedule for damaged fuel of Wolsong Unit 1 and is trying to complete the shipment according to the schedule. Wolsong is equipped with transportation casks and dry storage facilities, but baskets need to be manufactured separately. In addition, license approval is required for baskets, transport cask, and dry storage facilities for legal grounds to contain, transport, and store damaged fuels. In this paper, the initial model, upgrade model, and automation model of encapsulation equipment planned to be introduced in Canada to handle PHWR’s damaged fuel were compared, and the optimal model was selected in consideration of KHNP’s planned spent fuel shipment schedule. The PHWR’s damaged fuel encapsulation system is a system developed the PHWR’s damaged spent fuel to be handled in the same way as the existing PHWR when storing it in the dry storage facility and loading a basket for capsulation into transport cask. At the Gentilly-2 nuclear power plant in Canada, a manually operated encapsulation system was used due to the low quantity of damaged fuel, which can be encapsulated two bundles a day, and this model is an initial model. In the case of Wolsong Unit 1, it has about 300 damaged fuels, so it takes about nine months to work when using the initial model. The upgrade model developed to improve work efficiency and reliability has increased work efficiency through some automation, but it would take about eight months to process the damaged spent fuels of Wolsong Unit 1, and this model has not yet been manufactured and applied. Lastly, the automation model changed the work location outside the SFB and automated drainage/drying operations. It is easy to maintain and replace consumables because the work is carried out by lifting the damaged fuel to a shuttle outside the SFB surrounded by a shielding chimney. Considering the reduction of drainage/drying time, it is possible to save about four times as much time as the initial model. That is, if the automation model is used, it is judged that the supply of Wolsong Unit 1 can be processed in about two months. However, in terms of license, initial model and upgrade model are expected to be easier and the period is expected to be shortened. However, if licensing is carried out as soon as equipment design is completed, it is believed that the period can be shortened by parallel equipment manufacturing and licensing. It is judged that the best way to comply with the target schedule is to select an automation model with excellent work performance, develop equipment, and proceed with licensing at the same time. Accordingly, KHNP is in the process of designing equipment with the aim of using the automation model to take out damaged fuel for Wolsong Unit 1.

Entomopathogenic fungi are widely available as biological control agents for controlling insect pests in agriculture and forestry. The fungal culture broth contains various pathogenesis-related components such as blastospores, mycelium and insecticidal enzymes such as chitinase, Pr1- and Pr2-proteases, which have been reported to play an important role in penetrating insect cuticles. In this study, we tried to evaluate the utility of culture broth from Beauveria bassiana SFB-205 to control lepidopteran pests. High level of insecticidal activity correspond to over 90% of mortality were observed when the culture broth of B. bassiana SFB-205 was inoculated to the Spodoptera litura larvae together with the B. thuringiensis K1. The freeze-dried culture broth showed synergistic effects in insecticidal activity against larvae of S. exigua and S. litura when treated with corresponding baculoviruses, SeNPV and SlNPV. Active ingredient of the B. bassiana SFB-205 culture broth was identified to chitinase, which have truncated form by insertional mutation compared to previously reported chitinases.