Six mosquito species in the Anopheles Hyrcanus group are known as vectors responsible for transmitting vivax malaria in South Korea. In this study, seasonal dynamics of Anopheles Hyrcanus group species and knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in malaria-endemic sites, Paju and Gimpo, were monitored over two years. In August 2023, all six species were observed simultaneously in one of the Paju collecting sites, and kdr mutations were newly identified in all species except Anopheles kleini. Although Anopheles pullus was revealed as a relatively resistant species among five species populations without kdr mutation via bioassays, there were no critical differences in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel sequence. These findings suggest variability in pyrethroid resistance mechanisms among Anopheles Hyrcanus Group species.

Small ponds, which exhibit unstable succession pattern of plankton community, are less well studied than large lakes. Recently, the importance of small ponds for local biodiversity conservation has highlighted the necessity of understanding the dynamics of biological community. In the present study, we collected zooplankton from three small reservoirs with monthly basis and analyzed their seasonal dynamics. To understand the complicated zooplankton community dynamics of small reservoirs, we categorized zooplankton species into four groups (LALF Group, Low Abundance Low Frequency; LAHF Group, Low Abundance High Frequency; HALF Group, High Abundance Low Frequency; HAHF Group, High Abundance High Frequency) based on their occurrence pattern (abundance and frequency). We compared the seasonal pattern of each group, and estimated community diversity based on temporal beta diversity contribution of each group. The result revealed that there is a relationship between groups with the same abundance but different occurrence frequencies, and copepod nauplii are common important component for both abundance and frequency. On the other hand, species included with LALF Group throughout the study period are key in terms of monthly succession and diversity. LALF Group includes Anuraeopsis fissa, Hexarthra mira and Lecane luna. However, groups containing species that only occur at certain times of the year and dominate the waterbody, HALF Group, hindered to temporal diversity. The results of this study suggest that the species-specific occurrence pattern is one key trait of species determining its contribution to total annual biodiversity of given community.

A survey was conducted to analyze seasonal dynamics of the phytoplankton community at 22 stations on the surface and bottom layers in the Anma Islands of Yeonggwang (AIY) in the southern West Sea, Korea from the spring of 2020 to the winter of 2021, using a marine survey vessel Ed Ocean. Based on the survey results, there were 87 phytoplankton species in 52 genera, diatoms accounted for 67.8%, dinoflagellates 26.5%, silicoflagellates 3.5%, and cryptomonads and euglenoids accounted for 1.1% each. By season, it was simple in spring and relatively varied in winter. The phytoplankton standing crop on the surface was low (28.8±30.1 cells mL-1) in summer and high (87.0±65.1 cells mL-1) in spring. In the phytoplankton community, diatoms showed a high share (over 80%) throughout the year, and Skeletonema costatum-ls was the dominant species with a dominance of more than 60% in spring and winter, and 34.6% and 24.2% in summer and autumn, respectively. The diversity expressing the characteristics of the community structure was high (2.79±0.45) in autumn and low (1.82±0.18) in spring, unlike the phytoplankton standing crop. However, the dominance was high at (0.86±0.08) in spring and low (0.44±0.13) in autumn. Based on the results of principal component analysis (PCA) using environmental and phytoplankton-related factors, it was estimated that the biological oceanographic environmental characteristics seen through the phytoplankton community in the AIY were dominated by nutrients supplied from open seawater and surface sediments by seawater mixing, such as tidal mixing.

To investigate the characteristics of seasonal environment and phytoplankton community structure in the coastal area of Dokdo, a survey of Dokdo around waters was conducted during the four seasons. Phytoplankton of 4 phylum 72 species in four seasons were collected in Dokdo around water. The seasonal mean abundance of phytoplankton were 3.32×104 cells L-1 in winter, 1.04×104 cells L-1 in spring, 0.28×104 cells L-1 in summer, and 4.86×104 cells L-1 in autumn in Dokdo around water. During winter, the diatoms Chaetoceros spp. had dominated. During spring, when the nutrients in the euphotic layer were depleted, the nano-flagellates and Cryptomonas appeared at surface layer. In summer, the abundance of phytoplankton was relatively low, which lead to occurrence of diatoms such as genus of Chaetoceros, Rhizosolenia, and Skeletonema. In autumn, Pseudo-nitzschia spp. was the most dominant species and tropical species such as Amphisolenia sp. and Ornithocercus magnificus were observed, implying that they may have introduced within warm water current such as Kurosiwo Current. Therefore, although natural phytoplankton communities in the vicinity water of Dokdo are mainly influenced by Tsushima Warm Current branched Kurosiwo Current, their population dynamics was affected on the spatio-temporal change of physicochemical factors by short-term wind events, namely “island effect”. Long-term survey research is needed to facilitate food-web response in marine ecosystem associated with phytoplankton biomass and physicochemical factors including the warm water current in oligotrophic offshore water of Dokdo, which may have significant role for sustainable use of Dokdo.

2007년 2월부터 2008년 11월까지 국내의 4개 주요 항만(부산항, 울산항, 인천항, 광양항)에 분포하는 유종섬모충류의 계절적 출현양상과 선박평형수 벡터종(Coos Bay 벡터종 기준)의 계절적 출현양상을 조사하였다. 조사 기간 중 부산항과 울산항에서 유종섬모충류 난류종인 Ascampbeliella urceolata, Codonellopsis morchella, C. ostenfeldi, Dadayiella ganymedes, Eutintinnus stramentus, Protorhabdonella curta가 8월과 11월에 출현하였다. 인천항과 광양항에서는 전 계절을 통해 연안종이 출현하였고 특히 저수온기와 고수온기에 연안종의 출현이 뚜렷하였다. 광양항에서는 2007년 5월에 난류종 Tintinnopsis ampla의 출현과 2008년 11월에 C. ostenfeldi가 출현을 보였지만 인천항에서는 난류종의 출현이 관찰되지 않았다. 유종섬모충 출현분포의 특성은 연안종이 주로 출현하였으며, 부산항과 울산항에서 8월과 11월에 난류종이 중점적으로 출현하고 있는 것은 쿠로시오 해류 (Kuroshio current)의 지류인 대마난류(Tsushima Warm Current)의 영향에 의한 유입되는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 조사 기간 중 주요 항만에서 출현한 유종섬모충류의 벡터종은 총 13종이었다. 광양항에서 13종으로 가장 많은 종이 출현하였고 인천항에서 6종으로 가장 적은 종수가 관찰되었으며 부산항과 울산항에서 각각 10종과 11종이 관찰되었다. 이들 벡터종은 부산항, 울산항, 광양항의 고수온기에 가장 많은 출현종수를 보인 반면, 인천항에서는 저수온기 2월에 가장 많은 출현종 수를 보여 항만에 따른 차이를 보였다. 그러나 우리나라에 해역에 영향을 주는 서로 다른 해류에 의한 유입종 연구와 선박 평형수에 의해 유입된 벡터종의 연구가 매우 부족하기 때문에 주요 항만의 유종섬모충류의 종조성 차이에 대한 정확한 결론을 내리기에는 어려움이 있어 앞으로 이에 대한 체계적인 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다.

Nitrogen dynamics of Seagrass Zostera marina were investigated in both Dongdae Bay and Ojiri from March to August, 2004. All seagrass samples were separated into four fractions such as leaves (new and adult), sheath and rhizome in order to understand temp

본 연구는 유종섬모충류의 생태학적 특성을 알아보기 위하여 1998년 3월부터 1999년 1월까지 격월로 섬진강 하류계에서 12개 정점을 선정하여 실시하였다. 조사기간 중 유종섬모충류는 총 8속 56종이 동정 분류되었다. 출현종의 월별분포는 1998년 3월에 7속 40종으로 가장 많이 출현하였고, 1998년 11월에 2속 3종으로 가장 적은 종이 출현하였다. 출현종의 정점별 분포는, 정점 12에서 8속 38종으로 가장 많았고, 정점 3에서 2속 5종으로