Characteristics of the developmental stages of spermatids during spermiogenesis and phylogenetic classicfication of the species using sperm ultrastructures in male Crassostrea ariakensis were investigated by transmission electron microscope observations. The morphology of the spermatozoon of this species has a primitive type and is similar to those of Ostreidae. Ultrastructures of mature sperms are composed of broad, modified cap-shaped acrosomal vesicle and an axial rod in subacrosomal materials on an oval nucleus, four spherical mitochondria in the sperm midpiece, and satellite fibres which appear near the distal centriole. The axoneme of the sperm tail shows a 9+2 structure. Accordingly, the ultrastructural characteristics of mature sperm of C. ariakensis resemble to those of other investigated ostreids in Ostreidae in the subclass Pteriomorphia. In this study, particularly, two transverse bands (stripes) appear at the anterior region of the acrosomal vesicle of this species, unlike two or three transverse bands (stripes) in C. gigas. It is assumed that differences in this acrosomal substructure are associated with the inability of fertilization between the genus Crassostrea and other genus species in Ostreidae. Therefore, we can use sperm ultrastructures and morphologies in the resolution of taxonomic relationships within the Ostreidae in the subclass Pteriomorphia. These spermatozoa, which contain several ultrastructures such as acrosomal vesicle, an axial rod in the sperm head part and four mitochondria and satellite fibres in the sperm midpiece, belong to the family Ostreidae in the subclass Pteriomorphia.

Some characteristics of the formations of acrosomal vesicles during the late stage of spermatids during spermiogenesis and taxonomical charateristics of sperm morphology in male two species (Saxidomus purpurata and Meretrix petechialis) in the family Veneridae were investigated by electron microscope observations. In two species, the morphologies of the spermatozoa have the primitive type and are similar to those of other bivalves in that it contains a short midpiece with five mitochondria surrounding the centrioles. The morphologies of the sperm nuclear types of S. purpurata and M. petechialis in Veneridae have the curved cylindrical and cylinderical type, respectively. And the acrosome shapes of two species are the same cap-shape type. In particular, the axial filament is not found in the lumen of the acrosome of two species, however, subacrosomal material are observed in the subacrosomal spaces between the anterior nuclear fossa and the acrosomal vesicle of two species. The axoneme of the sperm tail flagellum shows a 9+2 structure. In particular, taxonomically important some charateristics of sperm morphologies of two species in the family Veneridae are acrosomal morphology of the sperm, The axial filament is not found in the acrosome as seen in a few species of the family Veneridae in the subclass Heterodonta. The acrosomal vesicle is composed of right, left basal rings and the apex part of the acrosomal vesicle. These charateristics belong to the subclass Heterodonta, unlikely a characteristic of the subclass Pteriomorphia showing all part of the acrosome being composed of electron opaque part (region). Therefore, it is easy to distinguish the families or the subclasses by the acrosomal structures. The number of mitochondria in the midpiece of the sperm of S. purpurata and M. petechialis in Veneridae are five. However, the number of mitochondria in the midpiece of the sperm in most species of Veneridae in the subclass Heterodonta are four. Therefore, the number of mitochondria of the sperm midpiece of two species are exceptionally 5, and it is only exceptional case in the species in Veneridae in the subclass Heterodonta. Except these cases, the number of mitochondria in the sperm midpiece in all families in the subclass Heterodontaare are 4, and now widely used in taxonomic analyses.

작은땃쥐(Crocidura shantungensis)의 정자 변태에 대한 연구를 전자현미경을 이용한 방법을 통해 이루어졌다. 정자세포의 핵과 세포질내 소기관의 형태학적 특징을 기초하여 정자 변태 전 과정을 11기(phase) 15 단계(step)로 각각 구분되었다. 골지 및 두모 단계의 정자세포가 구형인데 반해 첨체 전기에는 타원형으로 변하고, 이 시기부터 꼬리가 생성되기 시작하였고, 성숙기에는 가늘고 긴 정자 두부가 형성되었다. Step 7까지는 정자

To study the function and structure of Golgi apparatus in the spermiogenesis of long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersi fuliginosus), the testis obtained from adult bat was treated with the prolonged osmification or fixed with ferrocyanide reduced osmium. golgi apparatus was oval shape in early Golgi phase, and was composed of cortex and medullar enclosing acrosome in mid Golgi phase. The vesicles of crescent shape Golgi apparatus were closed or fused with small or large vesicles at the periphery of acrosome. Golgi apparatus moved behing the acrosome face in cap phase, but the Golgi apparatus was still active. According to this, Golgi apparatus appears to be involved in the formation of acrosome and sperm tail. Transfer of materials from Golgi to acrosme seems to be carried out not only by fusion of large vesicles with acrosomal vesicles but also by detachment of coated vesicle from various cisternae of Golgi fusing with acrosomal vesicle.

To investigate the process of spermiogenesis of the Korean eastern Daubenton's bat, Myotis daubentonii ussuriensis, the testis obtained from mature male bats was studied by transmission electron microscope and were based on the variety and diagnostic characters of cell organells. The results obtained from the present study are as follows. According to the differentiation of the cell organells, the spermiogenesis of the Korean eastern Daubenton's bat, M. d. ussuriensis, was divided into Golg, cap, acrosome, maturation and spermiation phases. Besides, these Golgi, cap, acrosome, and maturation phase were subdivided into the steps of early and late phases repectively and matruation phase was subdivided into step of early, mid and late phases. Therfore, the spermiogenesisof M. d. ussuriensis has been divided into a total of 11 phases. The chromatin granules began to condense at the early cap phase, regularized at the acrosome phase, and a perfect nucleus of sperm was formed at the maturation phase. The chromatoid body was occurred in the upper cytoplasm of nucleus at the early Golgi phase, and it was accurred the posterior cytoplasm of the nucleus at the early maturatio phase. The formation of sperm tail began to be develop in the early golgi phase, and completed at the spermiation phase. The fiber structure of middle piece was consisted of nine outer doublets and two central singlet microtubules and Nos. 1, 5, 6 and 9 in the outer dense were larger than the others(2, 3, 4, 7, 8).