The objective of this study was to investigate the health status and nutritional intake of the old population living in Soonchang, Jeollabuk-do, Korea. 69 subjects aged 65 years and older were recruited in July 2016. The WHR, was significantly higher in elderly male group than elderly female group (p<0.05), but both groups had abdominal obesity (0.85 and over). T-score mean of elderly male and female groups were below －2.5 mg/cm3 that they were osteoporotic. In the elderly male group, the higher concentrations of creatinine, homocysteine and uric acid were found to be significantly unfavorable factors (p<0.001, respectively). The blood vitamin D3 levels of elderly male group was significantly higher than that of elderly female group (p<0.05). The physical activity and self-rated health were significantly higher in elderly male group than in elderly female group (p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively). The nutrient intakes of male group were found to be significantly favorable factors than in female group. The score of mini nutrition assessment was significantly lower in elderly female group than in the elderly male group. These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase the health-life expectancy and the prevention of disease of Korean elderly people living in rural areas.

The consumption of high-salt foods is an independent risk factor for increased hypertension. Thus, evaluating the relationship of taste sensitivity and pleasantness of high-salt foods such as Korean jang products, would help contribute to an understanding of salty food eating behaviors of the Korean rural elderly. This study aimed to verify the association between taste sensitivity and salinity of Korean jang products, and the preferences of food groups and nutrient intake in the rural elderly. We studied 269 elderly persons (males 83, females 186) aged above 65 years, residing in the rural area, Sunchang gun Jeonbuk. For each subject, a recognition threshold of 4 basic tastes and pleasant concentrations of NaCl were estimated using the sip- and–spit method. Taste preferences, frequency of intake of food groups, nutrient intakes, and salinity and sweetness of Korean jang products (Doenjang, Ganjang, Gochujang) were assessed. No association was found between salt taste recognition threshold and optimally preferred concentration of salt and salinity of Korean jang products. However, the sweet taste recognition threshold was positively related to the sweetness of Korean jang products. Also, the salinity of Doenjang positively correlated with the frequencies of food groups and nutrient intakes. That is to say that the sweet taste sensitivity was related to the sweetness of Korean jang products, but was not sensitive to the salty taste. The salinity of Doenjang correlated with the consumption of food and nutrient intakes. Taken together, these findings suggest the need for appropriate intervention and education to reduce the salinity of Doenjang, which is an important modifiable factor contributing to reducing sodium intake in the rural elderly.

본 연구는 어린이집원장 직무교육에 대한 현황과 일반적 특성 및 직무교육 내용에 대한 필요정도와 직무교육에서 실제 다루어진 정도에 대한 인식이 어떠한지 살펴보고 어린이집원장 직무교육의 질적 향상을 위한 방안을 모색하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 어린이집원장 직무교육 위탁기관인 서울 A대학에서 교육받은 원장 63명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 어린이집원장은 직무교육기관을 선정할 때 자택과의 지리적 근접성을 우선적으로 고려하였고, 어린이집원장 직무교육에서 보강되어야 할 교육내용은 ‘영유아 문제행동지도’, ‘아동 및 가족 상담’, ‘보육정책’의 순으로 지목하였 다. 둘째, 어린이집원장 직무교육 내용에 대한 필요정도는 ‘보육프로그램의 개발과 평 가’, ‘교수매체의 선정과 평가’, ‘건강관리 실제’, ‘급식관리 실제 세미나’, ‘다양한 가족지 원’, ‘지역사회연계 실제’ 등에서 시설별로 차이가 나타났고, ‘아동학대 및 아동권리’, ‘원 장역할과 윤리’, ‘보육프로그램의 개발과 평가’, ‘교수매체의 선정과 평가’, ‘인사관리 적 용과 사례’, ‘교사교육계획과 실행’, ‘어린이집운영 세미나’ 등에서 필요정도와 실제 다루 어진 정도에 대한 인식의 차이가 있었다. 이러한 결과는 어린이집원장의 직무교육 내용 에 대한 관심과 요구가 다름을 반영하는 것이므로 이후 어린이집원장 직무교육에 어린이집 시설유형에 따른 직무교육 내용을 고려해야 함을 의미한다.

본 연구는 서울대학교 입학사정관 전형(기회균형선발 특별전형I)으로 입학한 신입생을 위한 학습지원 프로그램을 개발하고 운영한 뒤 그 교육적 효과를 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 본 전형으 로 입학한 재학생을 대상으로 이들의 학업적 특성과 실태 및 요구를 파악하기 위한 심층면담을 수행하 였고, 선행 연구들을 토대로 대학생활 적응을 돕기 위한 집단상담 프로그램과 일대일 학습코칭을 결합 한 형태의 학습지원프로그램을 개발하여 운영하였다. 프로그램의 교육적 효과를 분석하기 위하여 참여 자들을 대상으로 프로그램 만족도를 조사하였고, 자아존중감, 학업적 자기효능감에 대한 사전, 사후 검 사를 실시하여 프로그램 참여 후의 변화를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 참여자들은 프로그램에 대한 만족도가 매우 높았고, 특히 자아존중감은 상승하여 통계적으 로 유의미한 긍정적 변화를 보였으며 학업적 자기효능감 측면에서도 긍정적 변화를 보였다. 본 프로그 램을 통하여 학생들은 같은 전형으로서의 동질감을 느끼게 되어 안정감을 얻었으며, 그룹 활동을 통해 함께 학습을 계획하고 실천하는 계기가 되었다는 점에서 의의가 있다고 응답하였다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between HbA1c level and health risk factor. For analysis, 330 elderly women aged 65 years and over were recruited in Jeonla province, Korea. The subjects were classified into two groups according to their HbA1c level; the diabetic group (HbA1c level≥6.5%, n=68, 20.6%) and control group (HbA1c level< 6.5%, n=262, 79.4%). Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, a health status and health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, consumption frequency of food groups and nutrient intake. Educational level of the diabetic group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The height of the diabetic group was shorter, and percentage fat of the diabetic group was higher than those of the control group. In the diabetic group, the higher concentrations of creatinine and activity of alkaline phosphatase were found to be significantly unfavorable factors. Therefore, the diabetic group was assumed to be at risk of decreased liver and renal function. The self-rated health level of the diabetic group has a declining tendency, while the medicine intake was significantly higher than that of the control group, but there are no significant differences in visiting frequency of hospital and community health center. The distribution of physical activity showed a significant difference between the groups. Although there are no significant differences in nutrient intake, the diabetic group had relatively inferior nutrient intake of diet, especially vitamin C, as contrasted with the control group. In conclusion, the weight control and increasing physical activity may be effective in the prevention of the diabetes and continuous education and intervention by specialized nutritionists will be needed for diabetic patients. These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase the health-life expectancy and the prevention of the diabetes of Korean elderly people living in rural areas.

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary and other factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD) in older Korean women. A total of 340 women aged 65 to 74 were recruited from the Kugoksoondam area (Kurye, Goksung, Soonchang and Damyang counties), known as the longevity-belt region in Jeonla province, Korea. They were categorized into two groups according to bone status by T-score : a nonosteoporotic group and an osteoporotic group. Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, health status health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, nutrient intake and mini nutrition assessment (MNA). The results are as follows: The mean age of 185 nonosteoporotic women was 69.6 years and that of 155 osteoporotic women was 70.9 years (p<0.001). The mean T-score of the nonosteoporotic group was －1.5 mg/cm3 and that of theosteoporotic group was －3.2 mg/cm3 (p<0.001). Height and body weight in the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher than in the osteoporotic group (p<0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in BMI, although the BMI in the nonosteoporotic group was slightly higher. Waist and hip circumferences in the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher than in the osteoporotic group (p<0.01, respectively), and the mid upper arm and calf circumferences were also significantly higher than in the osteoporotic group (p<0.001, p<0.01, respectively). The 5 m walking ability was significantly superior compared to the osteoporotic group. Serum levels did not show any significant differences between the groups and were within normal range. The serum total protein, albumin and Insulin-like growth factor (IGFs) levels of the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher than those of the osteoporotic group (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.001, respectively). IGF was 104.7 ng/mL for the nonosteoporotic group and 88.1 ng/mL for the osteoporotic group. Physical activity and appetite in the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). The favorite food groups of the nonosteoporotic group comprised more meats and fish than those of the osteoporotic group (p<0.05, respectively). Nutrient intake was not significantly different, with the exception of niacin intake (p<0.05), but the nutrient intake of the nonosteoporotic group was slightly higher than that of the osteoporotic group. The niacin intake of the nonosteoporotic group and the osteoporotic group were 11.4 mgNE and 10.0 mgNE, corresponding to 103.6% and 90.9% of the Korean EAR, respectively. The MNA score of the nonosteoporotic group was significantly more favorable than for the osteoporotic group. In conclusion, it is necessary to maintain adequate body weight and muscle mass. Habitual physical activity may have a beneficial effect on BMD for older women. Dietary factors, such as meat and fish, higher intake of niacin rich foods and nutrient status for older women also appear to have favorable effects on bone mineral density.

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree nutrient intake, health status and other characteristics of females aged 65 years and over in a longevity area according to family arrangement. For analysis, 585 female elderly were recruited from the Kugoksoondam area (Kurye, Goksung, Soonchang and Damyang counties), known as the longevity-belt region in Jeonla province, Korea. The subjects were categorized into three groups according to family arrangement (living alone, living with spouse only and living with family). Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, health status and health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, consumption frequency of food groups, nutrient intake and mini nutrition assessment. In the group living with their spouse only, the highest education, physical activity, diverse food intake, frequency of eating meats and fish, energy and nutrients intake, and score on the mininutrient status assessment (MNA) were found to be significantly favorable factors. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the group living with their spouse only had relatively superior nutrient intake and the quality of diet. In contrast, the group living alone showed the lowest self-rated economic status, diversity of food intake, and physical activity, with the highest frequency of drinking, smoking and regular exercise for almost everyday compared with the other groups. On the other hand, those living with family demonstrated the lowest intake of supplements or functional foods, and levels of hemoglobin hematocrit MCH, but the highest HBA1c and blood sugar. Therefore, the group living with family was assumed to be at risk of anemia and diabetes. These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase the health-life expectancy of Korean elderly people living in rural areas, according to family arrangement.

The purpose of this study was to investigate male adult' appearance management behavior according to objectified body consciousness. The subjects were 648 male adults aged from 20 to 59 and measuring instruments consisted of objectified body consciousness, appearance management behavior, and subjects' demographics attributions. The data were analyzed by Cronbach's α, factor analysis, cluster analysis, multiple response analysis, cross tabs analysis, χ2 test, and t-test. The results were as follows. First, 3 dimensions (body shame, body surveillance, and control belief) were emerged on objectified body consciousness, and subjects were divided into 2 groups (objectified group, and non-objectified group) by this variable. Second, male adults were deeply aware of the need of appearance management, and showed the high level of intention to perform appearance management behavior. Third, objectified group showed much more active appearance management behavior than non-objectified group. This results concluded that objectified body consciousness is a very useful variable to understand male adult' appearance management behavior.

이 연구는 판 구조론에 대한 학생들의 개념을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 충청도에 위치한 고등학교 2학년 70명의 학생들을 대상으로 판 구조론에 대한 시각적 표상의 개념 검사를 실시하였으며, 이중 10명의 학생들을 대상으로 반구조화된 면담을 진행하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 연구 참여자들은 판 구조론을 학습한 후에도 용어 및 색상의 의미, 판의 이동, 판의 경계, 용융의 위치 및 원인, 맨틀의 물리적 상태 및 판 운동의 원동력과 관련된 대안 개념을 가지고 있으며, 학생들이 가진 색상의 의미, 맨틀의 물리적 상태, 판 운동의 원동력 개념들은 유기적으로 관련되어 있었다. 또한 판 구조론 학습에 사용되는 시각적 표상은 용어, 판의 경계, 용융의 위치 및 맨틀의 물리적 특성에 대한 학생응답에 영향을 주었으며, 판 구조론 학습에서 학습자에게 대안 개념을 유발하는 시각적 표상의 요소들이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate emotional images and preference of knitwear by tone on tone combination. The subjects were 357 university students in Daejeon and Chungnam province, and the measuring instruments were 6 stimuli manipulated by color and tone combination type of background and pattern in the tone and tone combination, and self-administrated questionnaires consisted of emotional images items, preference items, and subjects' demographics attributions. The data were analyzed by Cronbach's α, factor analysis, t-test, MANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, using SPSS program. The results were as follows. First, four factors (attractiveness, conspicuity, mildness, and activity) are emerged on emotional images of knitwear. Second, color had main effects on emotional images and preference. Gray color was perceived as most attractive image and more preferred than others. Third, tone combination type had some effects on emotional images. Vivid tone background/light tone pattern was perceived more attractive image but less conspicuous and mild than light tone background/vivid tone pattern. Forth, subjects' gender had an effects on conspicuous image. Male was perceived more conspicuous image on knitwear stimuli than female. Fifth, color and subjects' gender had interaction effects on attractiveness image and preference. Male perceived that blue is more attractive and preferred than female.

본 연구는 최근 홍천강의 생태적 기능을 되살리기 위해 계획 중인 생태하천 복원사업의 경제적 편익을 정량적으로 추정하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 생태하천 복원사업의 결과물은 시장에서 거래되는 재화가 아니기 때문에 가격을 이용한 가치 측정에 어려움이 있으므로, 사용가치 및 비사용가치에 대한 지불의사액을 분석하는 조건부 가치측정법을 적용하였다. 또한 지불의사액이 0인 응답자들을 고려한 스파이크 모형을 추가적으로 이용하였다. 분석 결과 사업지 인근에서는 가구당 연간 3,300원~4,628원, 비사업지에서는 가구당 연간 1,308원~2,929원의 지불의사가 있었다. 이를 우리나라 전체로 확대할 경우, 홍천강 생태하천 복원사업의 경제적 편익은 현재가치로 약 976억 원~2,163억 원에 이를 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 온도(15, 20, 25, 30℃), 습도(70 ± 10%), 광주기(16L:8D)에서 갈고리뱀잠자리붙이의 생물적 특성을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 알에서부터 번데기까지의 발육영점온도 및 유효적산온도는 각각 9.6℃ 및 270.3일도였다. 25℃에서 갈고리뱀잠자리붙이의 알 기간은 4.4일, 유충은 5.5일, 번데기는 6.9일이었다. 암컷 성충의 수명은 34.9일, 산란 기간은 28.7일이었고, 총 산란수는 515.2개, 1일 최대 산란수는 54.8개였다. 25℃에서 갈고리뱀잠자리붙이에 의한 싸리수염진딧물의 1령, 2령, 3령 및 성충의 일일 포식량은 각각 18.9, 47.2, 57.7 및 91.0마리이었다. 따라서 갈고리뱀잠자리붙이는 진딧물의 포식성 천적으로 이용이 가능할 것으로 여겨진다.

갈고리뱀잠자리붙이(Micromus angulatus (Stephens))의 생물학적 특성을 조사 하기 위하여, 온도 15, 20, 25 및 30℃, 습도 70%±10%, 광주기 16:8(L:D)에서 수행 된 결과는 다음과 같다. 알부터 번데기까지의 발육영점온도는 9.6℃, 유효적산온 도는 270.3일도였다. 처리온도 4조건에서 알 기간은 각각 15.0, 7.3, 4.4, 3.3일, 부 화율은 각각 73.7, 82.1, 83.0, 79.3%, 유충 기간은 각각 15.4, 8.8, 5.5, 4.2일, 번데기 기간은 각각 22.7, 11.0, 6.9, 6.0일이었고, 우화율은 각각 72.0, 77.2, 89.8, 78.6%였 다. 암컷 성충의 수명은 각각 140.7, 62.4, 34.9, 26.6일, 산란 기간은 각각 106.0, 52.9, 28.7, 18.3일이었고, 총 산란수는 각각 434.0, 666.0, 515.2, 194.5개이며, 하루 최대 산란수는 각각 16.1, 30.2, 54.8, 31.0개였다. 갈고리뱀잠자리붙이 1령, 2령, 3 령 유충과 성충의 싸리수염진딧물 하루 포식량은 25℃에서 각각 18.9, 47.2, 57.7, 91.0마리였다. 갈고리뱀잠자리붙이는 발육영점온도가 낮고 진딧물 포식량이 많아 저온시기에 진딧물 포식성 천적으로 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

Considering the dearth of information regarding the medicinal properties of Luffa cylindrica, we assessed the antioxidative, antimutagenic and hyperplasia inhibitory activity of cancer cells from Luffa cylindrica extracts by employing biological and biochemical assays. Ethanol extracts of Luffa cylindrica inhibited MDA-BSA (malondialdehyde-bovine serum albumin) conjugation reaction (66.38±2.65), DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical production (60.13±0.42) and lipid peroxidation (56.04±3.24). In this study, Luffa cylindrica is believed to exert possible antioxidative effects. The direct and indirect antimutagenic effects of the ethanol extracts of Luffa cylindrica were examined by the Ames test using Salmonella typimurium TA98 and TA100. The inhibitory effects on indirect and direct mutagenicity shows an weak tendency, particularly in direct mutagenicity mediated by 2-nitrofluorene in Salmonella typimurium TA98 (5.82±5.74) and in indirect mutagenicity mediated by 2-anthramine in Salmonella typimurium TA100 (5.76±2.15). The ethanol extracts of Luffa cylindrica on cancer cell hyperplasia inhibitory activity via MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay exerted cytotoxic effects on Hela cells (55.83±3.83) and MCF-7 cells (33.03±2.09), which were used in this study. Based on these results, it believed that the ethanol extracts of Luffa cylindrica have antioxidative capacities as well as hyperplasia inhibitory activity of cancer cells. Furthemore, Luffa cylindrica is a candidate for the prevention and dietetic treatment of chronic diseases and for the development of functional food.

본 연구는 흑삼의 항당뇨 효과를 알아보고자 4그룹(정상군, 당뇨 쥐, 당뇨 쥐에게 백삼을 투여한 군, 당뇨 쥐에게 흑삼을 투여한 군)으로 나누어 6주간 실시하였다. 6주 후 식품섭취량, 체중 증가량을 비교하였는데, 식품섭취량, 체중증가량에는 그룹 간에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, OGTT(oral glucose tolerance test)와 IPITT(intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test) 경우는 흑삼 투여군에서 긍정적인 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 혈청 포도당과 인슐린농도에 미친 영향을 비교, 분석한 결과, 흑삼 투여군에서 공복 시 혈당, 혈청 포도당, 인슐린 농도가 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이 결과를 미루어 볼 때 흑삼이 백삼에 비해 당뇨를 치료하는데 더 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the cooking process of Pat-juk(red beans porridge), Jat-juk (pine-nut porridge) and Tarak-juk(milk porridge) in cooking books published after Korean modern era, approximately from late 19th century to the present. We analyzed 11 historical cook books were analyzed. It is found that the amount of red beans used for Pat-juk was the same or more than that of rice but never less than rice. Only one cook book suggested sugar as seasoning for final taste, but all the other cook books mentioned salt for final taste. Hangukeumat(1987) suggested the method for obtaining optimum color for Pat-juk. After smashing and passing through the cooked red beans, collecting the red bean water to boil first and then adding the passed through red beans to boil together, in which rice will be added the last to be boiled. For Jat-juk, the ratio of the amount of pine-nut and rice were varied among cook books that the amount of pine-nut can be more, same or less than rice. Jat-juk can have salty or sweet, so sugar, honey or salt were used for final seasoning. Pine-nut and rice were cooked together or cooked successively depending on cook books. The changes in cooking procedures of Tarak-juk were the portion of milk used and the method of preparing rice before making the porridge. Firstly, the portion of milk increased over time. Tarak-juk can be also tasting both sweet or salty, so sugar or salt was used for final seasoning. Secondly, two method of preparing rice were found; one is that rice was ground after soaking in water and the other is that rice was ground and toasted before putting into the porridge. When the ground rice was toasted, the milk was added with water at the same time because the cooking time of the porridge with toasted rice was shortened so that the milk could be added earlier than the other method without the risk of sticking on the bottom of the pot. In further studies, the cooking procedures used in the previous period of the late 19th century should be examined. Also after restoring all the cooking methods suggested in cook books, the comparison of the sensorial and nutritional value needs to be carried out for applying or reinventing new recipe for food industry.