The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative study between Korea and the United States to examine anglers’ motivations, consumptive orientation, and the relationship between these two concepts. The following two research questions were explored: (1) whether there are significant differences in anglers’ motivations and consumptive orientation between Korea and the United States; and (2) what differences exist in the effects of anglers’ motivations on consumptive orientation between these two countries. The main research results are as follows. First, Korean anglers showed a higher level of consumptive orientation than American anglers. Second, a positive relationship between activity-general motivation and consumptive orientation was reported for Korean anglers while the relationship was opposite for American anglers. Study results imply that national angler surveys as well as public education and outreach programs are necessary to help anglers engage in sustainable fishing behaviors for effective fishery resources management.