Pancreatic cancer can arise in the background of chronic pancreatitis (CP). The relative risks for pancreatic cancer in CP vary considerably according to other contributing factors such as disease duration, excess alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, eating habits, physical activity, and late-onset diabetes. The incidence of pancreatic cancer is estimated to be about 10 per 105 per year, and the incidence and prevalence of CP are estimated to be 5-12 per 105 and 50 per 105 per year, respectively. The pooled relative risk estimates for pancreatic cancer in CP patients range from 2.7 to 13.3. Subsets of CP subjects with a family history of pancreatic cancer or those with newly developed diabetes over the age of 50 have a higher risk for pancreatic cancer. However, the prevalence of pancreatic cancer is not high enough to justify general screening of the adult CP population. Thus, it is necessary to select subsets of CP cohorts with a significantly high risk of pancreatic cancer. We need a better overall disease model that can define the interaction of multiple risk factors and their cumulative or potential effects on pancreatic cancer.

Inaccurate amounts of active ingredients in disinfectants can result in inefficiency or in potential toxicity to the environment and living organisms. This may lead to disinfection failure, and consequently, biosecurity failure. To ensure the efficiency of disinfectants and their ongoing compliance with safety and quality requirements, continuous and systematic post-market surveillance studies are needed. Herein, the content of ten commercial disinfectants purchased in 2021 was analyzed. Selective analytical techniques, such as automated titration, colorimetry, and high-performance liquid chromatography, were used to evaluate the content of several active ingredients present in disinfectants, such as potassium peroxymonosulfate, benzalkonium chloride, glutaraldehyde, phosphoric acid, citric acid, and malic acid. The obtained values were then compared with the label claims; the active ingredient contents of all disinfectants were within the acceptable range of 90–120% of the label claim.

Emerging technology trends can seem both elusive and ephemeral but some become integral to business and IT strategies and form the backbone of tomorrow’s business model and technology innovation. Companies (and Administrations) must examine the business impact of these trends and adjust business models and operations appropriately or risk losing competitive advantage to those who do. Rather the technology being difficult it is the implementation of it that could be a challenge. We’re working in an environment where volumes and complexity are increasing, but budgets are decreasing. How to sense and act upon a future that remains unclear? It is required to think very differently about the way to conceive and deliver technology services. The technology is the last step of the foresight process. The author aims to provide an answer to the above enquire starting from the identification of technologies and future technological concepts having potentially a significant impact on maritime traffic management and border control systems and the community in the medium to long term, i.e. 5 to 20 years. It is aimed at the idea of capacity building, not simply forecasting. A brief history of Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) followed by some systems engineering considerations are presented in paragraph 1 with connections to technology trends such as intelligent, digital and mesh in the next paragraph. On maritime domain these means, for instance, moving from traditional VTS to Maritime Service Portfolios (MSP) for e-Navigation. Bioinspired technologies forecasts are presented in paragraph 3 with examples of concrete practical use and possible further applications: drones, camera tracking and classification systems and passive as well as cognitive radars. Conclusions and a brief outlook will close the text.