Radiological characterization, one of the key factors for any successful decommissioning project for a nuclear facility, is defined as a systematic identification of the types, quantities, forms, and locations of radioactive contamination within a facility. This characterization is an essential early step in the development of a decommissioning plan, in particular during transition period after permanent shutdown of the facility, and also to be used for classification of decommissioned radioactive wastes so that their disposal criteria can be met. Therefore, the characterization should be well planned and performed. In the transition period, the characterization information developed during the operational phase is usually reexamined with respect to the applied assumptions, the actual status of the facility after shutdown, the accuracy of the required measurements and changes in its radiological properties to support the development of the final decommissioning plan. Based on some national (Korean, USA’s and Japanese) laws including the related regulations, and some related documents published by OECD/NEA, IAEA, and ASTM, key elements of radiological characterization, which should be developed in the transition period, could be proposed as the followings. The key elements might be an operational history including facility operation history and contamination by events and/or accidents, radiological inventory of the facility and site area, characterization survey including in-situ survey and/or sampling and analyses, radiological mapping (which is able to identify radiological contamination levels of SSCs, and the facility area and, if contamination may be suspected, the surroundings) with tabulating, residual radioactivity (or derived concentration guideline levels) of selected major radionuclides for remediation of the site, (retainable and retrievable) recording, and quality control and quality assurance. In review process of the operational history, interviews of current or former long-tenured knowledgeable employees of the facility should be conducted to identify conditions that may have been missing from the records.

EDM 음악에서 반복은 곡의 형식과 리듬 등을 결정하는 중요한 요소 중 하나이다. 이러한 반복 은 주로 멜로디나 리듬에서 일정한 패턴의 형태를 보이며, 아르페지오는 많은 장르에서 흔히 사 용되는 주법이다. 본 논문에서는 플룸의 ‘Helix’에서 나타난 아르페지오 패턴을 기보하여 음 악적인 특징을 분석하고 뿐만 아니라 음색적인 특징을 분석하여 자작곡 ‘Stuttering’에 적용 및 응용하였다. 분석한 내용을 바탕으로 아르페지오 패턴과 변화 요소를 미디 효과의 아르페지 에이터를 이용하여 제작하였고, 패턴의 변화에 따른 여러 요소의 변조 효과를 제작하여 패턴의 반복 안에서 다양한 변화를 효과적으로 표현할 수 있다는 점을 제시하였다. 본 논문에서는 이러 한 패턴의 반복 안에서 변화를 어떻게 만들어 나갈지 초점을 맞추었으며 본 연구를 바탕으로 독 창적이고 다양한 변화의 요소를 제작하기를 기대해본다.

The effect of interstitial elements on the ductile-brittle transition behavior of austenitic Fe-18Cr-10Mn-2Ni alloys with different nitrogen and carbon contents was investigated in this study. All the alloys exhibited ductile-brittle transition behavior because of unusual low-temperature brittle fracture, even though they have a faced-centered cubic structure. With the same interstitial content, the combined addition of nitrogen and carbon, compared to the sole addition of nitrogen, improved the low-temperature toughness and thus decreased the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) because this combined addition effectively enhances the metallic component of the interatomic bonds and is accompanied by good plasticity and toughness due to the increased free electron concentration. The increase in carbon content or of the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, however, could increase the DBTT since either of these causes the occurrence of intergranular fracture that lead to the deterioration of the toughness at low temperatures. The secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis results for the observation of carbon and nitrogen distributions confirms that the carbon and nitrogen atoms were significantly segregated to the austenite grain boundaries and then caused grain boundary embrittlement. In order to successfully develop austenitic Fe-Cr-Mn alloys for low-temperature application, therefore, more systematic study is required to determine the optimum content and ratio of carbon and nitrogen in terms of free electron concentration and grain boundary embrittlement.

본 연구는 拉列햇톰훨 .i훌빼의 훌훌훌B分의 효율적인 有限훌素흙析을 위한 보-윷換훌素 및 윷~部分의 요 소를 제시하고자 한다. 먼저 보-윷~훌훌는 보요소와 벽체요소사이의 변형 및 힘의 狗東條件을 근거로하여 보의 기본적인 거동을 동일하게 유지하면서 平面應力훌素의 개념으로 대치된 유사보요소로 간주될 수 있으 며， 이는 뺏뺏部分에서의 보요소와 벽체요소사이의 서로 다른 自由度에 기인한 윷形의 不홉음性을 합리척으 로 해결해준다. 또한 보-윷뺏훌素와 직접 연결되는 윷換部分의 요소는 보-뺑換훌素의 경우와 동일한 狗束 條件이 적용됩으로써 윷~部分에 대한 효율적인 훌훌分훌j方훗을 제시해 준다. 이와 같이 본 연구에서 제시된 요소들은 기본적으로 i호 flJ Ji lfli훌 _i훌~ 뿐만아니라 보요소와 벽체요소의 相효作用이 고려되는 모든 구조물 에 효율적으로 활용될 수 있다.