본 연구는 전북 부안군에서 재배되고 있는 뽕나무를 대상으로 지형적 특성에 따른 늦서리 피해를 조사하였다. 2009년에 비해 2010년에 뽕나무의 발아시는 2일, 전엽시는 4일, 개화시는 14일, 그리고 수확시는 8일이 늦었는데 이는 3월 일평균기온은 2.3℃, 4월 일평균기온은 2.4℃ 낮았기 때문으로 생각된다. 2010년 서리 피해는 평탄곡간지의 과원에서 50.0%, 구릉지 및 호수 인근 평탄지에서 12.0%, 평야지에서는 4.2%였다. 결과지 굵기에 따라서는 15mm 이하의 가지에서 16mm 이상의 가지에 비해 높은 경향이었고, 평탄곡간지의 과원에서는 가지 굵기와 상관없이 46.2~54.0%로 이주 높았다. 이러한 높은 서리 피해는 뽕나무의 전엽기에 기온이 영하로 내려갔기 때문이었다. 그리고 이후 서리 피해를 입은 가지 기부 및 선단부의 덧눈에서 신초가 다수 발생하였다. 따라서 2010년 부안군 내 뽕나무의 늦서리 피해는 4월 중 영하의 기온 발생과 과원의 지형적 특성에서 기인된 것으로 생각된다.

Ambrosia beetle, Platypus koryoensis, is a vector of oak wilt disease caused by Raffaelea sp. in Korea. The degree of damage by oak wilt disease was dependent on the density of the beetles in the oak trunk, a relationship between the degree of damage by oak wilt disease and the density of beetle on the basis of the number of entry hole was studied. Entry hole distribution within tree trunk was analyzed by the nearest neighbor method. Thirty four oak trees (Quercus mongolica) located in survey area were selected and then degree of damage, the number of attack hole/623 ㎠ in upper (50 ㎝ from the surface) and lower (surface) trunk and the nearest neighbor distance between the holes were measured. The number of hole and the nearest neighbor distance in upper and lower part were positively correlated with each other. As the degree of damage was severer, the number of the holes increased, whereas the nearest neighbor distance decreased. The distribution pattern of the hole was changed from clumped one to uniform as the severity of damage increased. These results suggested that Platypus koryoensis attacked the oak tree in concentrative manner at initial stage of attack but at final stage, it distributed uniformly to reduce intraspecific competition between the beetles.

The chemical leak accidents cause a large number of casualties in the short term and secondary environmental pollution in the long term. In the case of the hydrogen fluoride (HF) leak accident in Gumi City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, the fluoride ion concentration in crops located near the HF leak accident area was detected to be in the range of 99 ~ 13,029 mg/kg and in woody stems in the range of N.D. ~ 6,789 mg/kg. We also identified the correlation relationship between the range and the contamination degree. The order of degree of fluoride contamination of crops was leaf > stem epidermis > inside the stem. However, in another case of accidental HF leak in Hwasung City, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, because the concentration of fluoride ion in the crops was detected in the range of N.D. ~ 45 mg/kg, it is difficult to make a decision about whether HF affects the crops or not. In this study, with the suggestion of the identification of leak accident impacts by checking the contamination characteristics and condition of HF in terms of diffusion distance from the accident point, we prevent damage from secondary environmental pollution and prepare for similar accidents in the future.