Urachal cancer is extremely rare and accounts for fewer than 1% of malignant neoplasms of the bladder. Urachal remnants persist from the bladder dome to umbilicus after birth, and urachal carcinoma may arise from any of these segments. The standard treatment for urachal cancer is primarily wide excision with extended partial cystectomy of the urachal mass, urachal tract and umbilicus, and pelvic lymph node dissection. Nevertheless, prognosis is generally poor because early diagnosis is difficult and local invasions, distant metastasis, and recurrence frequently develop. The authors present a patient with recurred urachal adenocarcinoma, who was treated by partial cystectomy with lymph node dissection. One year after subsequent concurrent chemoradiotherapy, she achieved complete remission. A brief review of the literature on urachal adenocarcinoma is provided.

Actinomycosis is a rare disease caused by the Gram-positive anaerobic filamentous bacterium, Actinomyces israelii. Due to its unusual clinical presentation, it is mainly diagnosed postoperatively. The risk of the disease increases with the use of intrauterine contraception device (IUD). A 46-year-old female was admitted to the hospital due to diffuse lower abdominal pain and had used an IUD until two weeks ago. Findings on abdominal computed tomography showed a large mass measuring approximately 9 cm, which was suspected of urachal cancer or omental sarcoma. After wide surgical resection, pathologic finding showed severe inflammation with sulfur granule, confirming abdominal actinomycosis.