The purpose of this study was to observe the histopathologic reaction in vital bone to various surface treated implants. For this purpose, ten New Zealand Albino rabbits, weighing 3.3 to 4kg were used as experimental animals. All the experimental groups divided into five groups; 1) Machined surface as control, 2) RBM(resorbable blast media), 3) RBM etched nitric acid solution, 4) RBM etched sodium hydroxide solution, 5) RBM etched acid, alkali, and heat treated group on each. All the surfaces of implants were examined under the scannning electron microscope to distinguish the differences between each experimental groups compare to that on the control group. All the rabbits were implanted into the tibial metaphyses of rabbits. On the 4th and 8th week after implantations, all the experimental rabbits were sacrificed. All the tissues containing each implanted materials were fixed in ethyl alcohol, and embedded in spurr resin as usual manner, sectioned in 10μm or more thickness, grinded, stained with the Villanuevaʼs osteochrome bone stain method and examined histopatholgically. For the fluorescence microscopic examination, three kind of fluorescence dyes, Oxytetracycline, Alizarin-Complexone, and Xylenol-Orange were injected to put into the bone to implant interface produced polychromatic fluorescence labelling on the 1st week, 2nd week, and 5th week on each. On the 8th week after experiments, the animals sacrificed, and the tissues containing the implants were taken, fixed in ethyl alcohol and embedded in spurr resin, sectioned, grounded 10um in thickness and examined under the fluorescence microscope. Following results were obtained; On the scanning electron microscopic examination of the implants, dull cracks, continuous linear indentations were revealed on the machined surface implant, irregular multiple leaflike eruptions on the RBM, and more sharp porous indentation with multiple complicated c rack s on the RBM acid etched surface, and more dull margins on complicated porous indentation on the RBM alkalic etched surface and more dull and less indented particles were noted on the RBM, acid, alkalic etched, heat treated surface, On the histopathologic examination, on the 4th week after experiment, complete osseointegation was noted between the implant and cortical bone on the collar and the apex lesion. and in parts, small newly formed bone spicules directly attached to the screws, and osteoid tissues were revealed in marrow tissues, in all experimental groups. On the histopathologic examination, on the 8th week after experiment, osseointegration is more increased compare to that on the 4th week group, the amount of bone trabeculae and osteoid tissues directly fused to screw of implants were markedly increased. On fluorescence examination, band or linear shape was witnessed on the boarder of compact bone and marrow tissues, and on bone trabeculae according to the formed age. and precipitated as granular and globular shape on the haversian canals. These results indicate that the surface treated method used for the present study render the implants compatible to bone tissue but the tissue compartibility is not different among the surface treated implants.

The purpose of this study was to observe the histopathologic tissue reaction in vital bone in applying the various treated implants. For this purpose, twelve New Zealand Albino rats, weighing 3.3 to 4 kg were used as experimental animals. All the experimental groups divided into four groups; Machined surface as control, RBM(resorbable blast media), Hydroxyapatite-sand and Porous coating groups. All the experimental implants were examined under the scannning electron microscope. All the experimental rabbits were implanted in the tibial metaphyses of rabbits under the general anesthesia with Ketamine HCl(2.5ML /kg.body wt.) injections. For prevention of infection after implant, prophylactic erythromycine injections, 250mg/body wt.(Aldrich Co. USA) were performed on each. On the sixth week after implant, all the experimental rabbits were sacrificed with over dose of Sedaject(Samwoo Pharm .Co. Korea). All the tissues containing each experimental materials were fixed in ethyle alcohol, and embedded in spurr resin(Polytechnic Co. USA) as usual manner. sectioned in 12 um thickness, grinded , stained with the Vulenueva's osteochrome stain methed and examined histopatholgically. For measuring the distances between the implant and bone without any connective tissue interface, all the distances were calculated the length of the implant direct contact to bones. using the view analyzer program( Korea Optical Co.) and the statistical analysis were performed using the one-way ANOVA test. The statistical differences were considered significant below 5% level. Following results were obtained. On the scanning electron microscopic examination, dull cracked continuous linear indentations were revealed on the machined surface implant, irregular sharp indentation on the resorbabale blast, irregular thin exophytic or indentated leaflets on the hydroxyapatite-sand implant, and long ovoid globular particles were revealed on the porous coating implant surface respectively. On the histopathologic examination, complete osseointegation was noted between the implant and cortex bone on the collar and the apex lesion and in parts, small newley formed bone spicules attached to the screws in marrow tissues with compatibility in all experimental groups, but on the aspect of the tissue compatibility to the various implant materials, the superiority of the materials could not identified. The ratio of drect contact between the bone and implant, the HA sand gorup was the most superior among the gorups and followed by the machine surface, but on RBM and porous coating groups were inferior compared to that on the experimental groups. With these results, the superiority of tissue compatibility among the experimental implant group could not be identified