The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology was established in March 1970 by Dr. Young Pill Cho. Successive chairpersons of the department have included Dr. Han Kook Cho, Dr. Jaeo Cho, Dr. Eun Chull Kim, and Dr. Sang Wook Kang, who held the position until 2021. The tasks of the Department of Oral Pathology include conducting lectures and laboratory work for undergraduate dental students, as well as for graduate students pursuing MSD and PhD degrees. The department also engages in research within the field of oral pathology and provides diagnostic services for tissues obtained from diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions. The objectives of the department are to equip students with the appropriate knowledge and skills to diagnose and develop accurate treatment plans for diseases affecting oral and maxillofacial structures through lectures and laboratory work after graduation. Since the establishment of the Master's and PhD programs in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, a total of 94 individuals have completed the Master's program, 45 individuals have completed the PhD program, and 1 individual has completed the Master-PhD collaboration program. Each participant completed their respective courses and obtained the appropriate degrees following the evaluation of their graduation theses.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common cancer of oral cancers. Recent data suggest that chemokines could be essential players in carcinogenesis and that tumor cells express chemokine receptors and use chemokines to metastasize to the target organ in many malignancies in humans. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that expression of SNPs in chemokine, CXCL1 and CXCL2 correlates with oral squamous cell carcinomas in Korean population. The CXCL1 and CXCL2 genotypes were determined in 21 subjects with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 90 control subjects without oral squamous cell carcinoma. The genotypes were determined by direct sequencing. The genotype distribution and allele frequency within the OSCC patients were not significantly different from those of control subjects. But among OSCC subjects, there was significant difference of CXCL1 gene in the degree of nuclear aberration. These findings suggest that CXCL1 -442C/T polymorphism and CXCL2 -264T/C polymorphism are not related to the development of OSCC but polymorphism of CXCL1 gene might have a relation with progression of OSCC in Korean population.

Elevated expression of survivin is strongly associated with tumorigenesis and even in human common cancers. The purpose of this study is to confirm whether survivin is associated with odontogenic tumor expecially in the development and growth in ameloblastomas. For the control group; 3 specimens obtained from normal oral mucosa without any inflammatory reaction were used. For the experimental group, specimens obtained from 17 subjects of ameloblastomas; follicular type, plexiform type, granular cell type, acantomatous type and unicystic ameloblastoma. All the specimens were embedded in paraffin, sectioned 5μm or more in thickness, and stained with hematoxylin- eosin stain method. For immunostain, the specimens were incubated with 1:200 diluted primary antibody, followed by the secondary antibody. The bound antibodies were visualized by addition of diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The specimens were counterstained with Gill’s Hematoxylin and mounted. Intensity of survivin immunoreactivity specimens was quantitatively scaled using under the light microscope with the following criteria; Intensive reaction; +++, Moderate reaction; ++, Minimal reaction; +. Using the image analyzer (Korea Optical System), immunoreactivity of the tumor cells in various fields was measured and statistically analyzed with SPSS 17.0 Program. In control group, moderate positive reaction was noted in the cytoplasm of cells in the basal and spinous layer, but negative reaction was revealed in the nucleus. Expression of survivin was significantly increased in the cytoplasm of ameloblastomas as compared to that of control group (p<0.05). Expression of survivin in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the tumor cells between subtype of ameloblastoma was not significantly different. These results suggest that expression of survivin is closely associated with the development, and growth of the ameloblastomas. However it is unlikely that survivin can be used as a marker for cellular malignancy.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of survivin in various salivary gland tumors. For this study, total 18 cases of salivary gland tumors; 6 cases of benign and 12 cases of malignant tumors were used as experimental group. In benign tumors; pleomorphic adenoma, oncocytoma, and in malignant tumors; adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid tumor, high grade and low grade malignancy each, adenocarcinoma, acinic cell adenocarcinoma cases were included. And for the control group, fresh submandibular glands were attained from gnathosurgical specimen. All the specimens, experimental, control group were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solutions, embedded in paraffin, sectioned 5um or more in thickness, stained with the hematoxylin and eosin, mounted and examined under the microscope. For the immunohistochemical studies, all the specimens were activated with survivin monoclonal, and secondary antibodies as usual manners, and taken photos on various pathologic fields analysed with the image analysis system, and evaluated the positive and negative stained area in the tumors on each images and statistically analyzed with SPSS 15.0 program. Attained result as follows. In control group, in part, acini cells show positive reaction on the nuclei, negative on the all most of the cytoplasm, more intense reaction on the cytoplasm and nuclei on the serous demilune (47.33%). In experimental group, all the specimens show survivin positive reaction on the cytoplasm with/or without positive reaction on nuclei according to the tumors, in benign tumors; pleomorphic adenoma (63.48%), oncocytoma (56.31%), each and in malignant tumors; adenoid cystic carcinoma (87.6%), acinic cell adenocarcinoma (56.35%). adenocarcinoma (67.47%), mucoepidermoid carcinoma, low grade (70.76%). high grade (55.23%). Survivin expression shows higher in tumors compare to that on the control group (p<0.05), but between the malignant tumors no significant are not noted(p>0.005). Survivin expression is strongly related to the malignancy of salivary gland tumors

Elevated expression of survivin is strongly associated with tumorigenesis and even in human common cancers. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the 7th most frequent cancer in human and responsible for more than 90% of all oral cancer. The purpose of this study is to confirm whether survivin is associated with oral carcinogenesis, expecially has a role in the development of OSCC. For the control group; 3 specimens obtained from normal oral mucosa without any inflammatory reaction were used a nd for the experimental group, specimens obtained f rom 18 sub jects of OSCC; 6 subjects from Well differentiated type OSCC; 4 subjects from Moderately differentiated type OSCC; 3 subjects from Poorly differentiated type OSCC; 3 subjects from Verrucous carcinoma: and 2 subjects from C arcinoma in situ were used. All the specimens were embedded in paraffin, sectioned 5 μm or more in thickness, and stained with hematoxylin- eosin. For immunostain, the specimens were incubated with 1;200 diluted primary antibody (anti-survivin monoclonal, Biocare Inc, USA), followed by the secondary antibody(NovoLink Polymer detection system, Novocastra Lab., UK). The bound antibodies were visualized by addition of diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride(DAB) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The specimens were counterstained with Mayerʼs Hematoxylin and mounted. Quantitation of immunoreactivity was performed under the light microscope with the following criteria ; Intensive reaction; +++, Moderate reaction; ++, Minimal reaction; +. Using the image analyzer(Korea Optical System), immunoreactivity of tumor cells in various field was measured and statistically analyzed with SPSS 15.0 Program. The results were as follows: Expression of survivin in OSCC was significantly increased in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of OSCC as compare to those of control group (p<0.05). Expression of survivin in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the cells in OSCC is correlated with the cellular malignancy (p<0.05). Expression of survivin in Poorly differentiated type OSCC partly correlated to some extent to cellular malignancy (p<0.05). These results suggest that expression of survivin in OSCC is closely associated with to the development, and malignancy of the OSCC, b ut it is not enough to be used a s a marker f or the c ellular malignancy. Further studies are needed to relate the expression of survivin to cellular malignancy.

The purpose of this study was to observe the histopathologic reaction in vital bone to various surface treated implants. For this purpose, ten New Zealand Albino rabbits, weighing 3.3 to 4kg were used as experimental animals. All the experimental groups divided into five groups; 1) Machined surface as control, 2) RBM(resorbable blast media), 3) RBM etched nitric acid solution, 4) RBM etched sodium hydroxide solution, 5) RBM etched acid, alkali, and heat treated group on each. All the surfaces of implants were examined under the scannning electron microscope to distinguish the differences between each experimental groups compare to that on the control group. All the rabbits were implanted into the tibial metaphyses of rabbits. On the 4th and 8th week after implantations, all the experimental rabbits were sacrificed. All the tissues containing each implanted materials were fixed in ethyl alcohol, and embedded in spurr resin as usual manner, sectioned in 10μm or more thickness, grinded, stained with the Villanuevaʼs osteochrome bone stain method and examined histopatholgically. For the fluorescence microscopic examination, three kind of fluorescence dyes, Oxytetracycline, Alizarin-Complexone, and Xylenol-Orange were injected to put into the bone to implant interface produced polychromatic fluorescence labelling on the 1st week, 2nd week, and 5th week on each. On the 8th week after experiments, the animals sacrificed, and the tissues containing the implants were taken, fixed in ethyl alcohol and embedded in spurr resin, sectioned, grounded 10um in thickness and examined under the fluorescence microscope. Following results were obtained; On the scanning electron microscopic examination of the implants, dull cracks, continuous linear indentations were revealed on the machined surface implant, irregular multiple leaflike eruptions on the RBM, and more sharp porous indentation with multiple complicated c rack s on the RBM acid etched surface, and more dull margins on complicated porous indentation on the RBM alkalic etched surface and more dull and less indented particles were noted on the RBM, acid, alkalic etched, heat treated surface, On the histopathologic examination, on the 4th week after experiment, complete osseointegation was noted between the implant and cortical bone on the collar and the apex lesion. and in parts, small newly formed bone spicules directly attached to the screws, and osteoid tissues were revealed in marrow tissues, in all experimental groups. On the histopathologic examination, on the 8th week after experiment, osseointegration is more increased compare to that on the 4th week group, the amount of bone trabeculae and osteoid tissues directly fused to screw of implants were markedly increased. On fluorescence examination, band or linear shape was witnessed on the boarder of compact bone and marrow tissues, and on bone trabeculae according to the formed age. and precipitated as granular and globular shape on the haversian canals. These results indicate that the surface treated method used for the present study render the implants compatible to bone tissue but the tissue compartibility is not different among the surface treated implants.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of integrin α3 and integrin β1 in the ameloblastomas. For this study, 10 specimens diagnosed as amoblastomas referred to the Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, and 5 specimens of normal oral mucosa without any inflammatory changes were used as experimental and control groups, respectively. The ameloblastomas devided into follicular type, plexiform type, acanthomatous type, and granular cell type. All specimens; experimental and control group were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution and embedded in paraffin, and then the serial tissue sections were made 5㎛ in thickness and processed for immunohistochemical observation. The specimens were incubated with primary antibody against integrin α3 or integrin β1, each was diluted at 1 : 100, followed by the Supersensitive non-biotin horse radish peroxidase detection system with DAB as chromogen. After counterstaining with Gill's hematoxylin stain method and mounted, and examined under the light microscope. Based on the intensity of the immunoreactivity, intensity of the immunity was scored no epithelial stain, weak or focal epithelial stain, moderate or focal intensive epithelial stain, intense generalized epithelial staining for the epithelial, and connective tissue component in ameloblastomas, and normal oral mucosa on each. Attained results as follows. Expression of integrin α3 in the oral mucosa, weak reaction was noted on the all layers of epithelium, and submucosa. Expression of integrin β1 in the oral mucosa, intense reaction on the superficial layer, moderate reaction in basal layer were shown. Expression of integrin α3 in ameloblastomas, it was noted that weak reaction on the ameloblast like cells in the all types and rarely in basement membrane. Expression of integrin β1 in ameloblastomas, intense reaction on the tumor cell ,and partly in the nuclei in follicular type was noted, And moderate reaction on the tumor cell in plexiform , acathomatous types, but weak reaction in granular cell type was shown. This results result suggest that integrin α3 may influenced negligibly, but the integrin β1 influenced significantly the development of the ameloblastomas considering the response is increased on the region with highly cellular activities

The purpose of this study was to evaJ uate the role of integrin a 3 and integrin ß 1 expression in the saivary gJand tumors. For this study, 11 specimens diagnosed as pleomorpic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, mucoe pidermoid carcimoma referred to the Dept. of Oral Pathology‘ School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 2 specimens 01' normaJ submandibular gland tissues were used as experimental, control groups respectively, All the tissues experimental and control group wel'e fixed in neutral formaJin solution and embedded in paraffin, seriaJ tissue section were made 511m in thickness and processed in the standard way for immunohistochemical method, using primary antibody against integrin a 3, and integrin ß 1 each was diluted at 1;100 followed by the poly- horse radish peroxidase detection system with DAB as chormogen counterstained with Mayel ’s hematoxylin stain method and mounted And examined unde1' the biologic micro scope with the criteria of no epitheliaJ stain, weak 01' focal epithelial stain, moderate 01' focal intensive epithelial s tain. intense generalized epithelial staining for the epithelial, and connective tissue components in no1'mal salivary gland, and saivary g land tumors : pleomorphic adenoma‘ adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenoca1'cinoma, mucoepide1'moid ca1'cinoma on each On the integ1'in α 3 reaction, negative to minimal posit ive reaction was noted on the salivary gland twnors and nor mal subma ndibular gland tlssues On the integrin ß 1 reactions, intense 1'eaction is shown on the serous demilune and ductal cells , and partly on the serous acini in submandibula1' gland tlssues On the integrin ß 1 reactions to pleomorphic adenoma tissues, moderate reactions were noted on the ductal celJs and myoepithelial cells. On the integrin ß 1 reactions to adenoid cystic ca rci noma‘ adenocarcinoma, mucoepidermoid ca1'cinoma tissues, intense reactions were shown on the neo plastic cell s , This resuJt suggest that integrin a 3. integrin ß 1 could be a 1'ole inducing the tumorigenesis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role 0 1' integrin a 3 and integrin ß 1 in the oral squamous cell ca rcinomas. For this study‘ 10 specimens diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma referred to the Dept. of Oral Pathology. School of Dentis try, Kyung Hee Univers ity, and 5 specimens of normal oral mucosa without any inflammatory cha nges were used as experimenta l and co nt rol groups, respectively. AlI s pecimens; experirnental and control group were f ixed in neutral f ormalin so lu tion and embedded in paraffin, and then the serial tissue section were rnade 5i1m in thickness and processed for imrnunohi stochemical observatlon The specimens were incubated with prirnary antibody against integrin a 3 r integrin ß 1‘ each was diluted at 1;100, followed by the super sensit ive non- biotin horse r adish peroxidase detection sys tem with DAB as chromogen‘ After counters ta ining with Gill ’s hematoxylin stain method and mounted and examined under the light microscope. Based on the intens ity of the immunoreactivity, intensity of the immunity was scored no ep ithelial stain, weak 0 1' focal epitheli al sta in, modera te 0 1' focal intensive epithelial stain, intense genera lized epitheli al s taining for the e pithelia l, and co nnective ti ssue component in squamous cell carcinomas, and normal oral mucosa on each Expression of integrin a 3 in t he oral mucosa was negli gible. Expression 0 1' integrin a 3 in expression in the or al s mnus cell ca rcinoma was ve ry wea k, but the express ion was increased in poorly differ entiat ed type of the oral squamous cell carcinomas ln the oral mucosa , expression of in tegr in ß 1 ra nged from weak to moderate in the cytoplasm and the cell membra nes of the kera tini zed and basal cell layer. Nuclei were mainly integrin ß 1 negative‘ but rarely revealed weak expression. ln sq uamous cell carcinoma, expression of integrin ß 1 was ntense notably in the cytoplasm, cell membrane a nd nuclear membra ne Nuclei of several tumor cells revealed moderate expression of integrin ß 1. Expression of integrin ß 1 was increased the poorly diffe rentiated type of in squamous cell carcinoma compare to that in moderate or well diffe rentiated type of oral squamous cell carCllìoma These results suggest integrin a 3 and integrin ß 1 may be influ enced the development and growth of the squamous cell carcima .

The purpose of this study was to observe the histopathologic tissue reaction in vital bone in applying the various treated implants. For this purpose, twelve New Zealand Albino rats, weighing 3.3 to 4 kg were used as experimental animals. All the experimental groups divided into four groups; Machined surface as control, RBM(resorbable blast media), Hydroxyapatite-sand and Porous coating groups. All the experimental implants were examined under the scannning electron microscope. All the experimental rabbits were implanted in the tibial metaphyses of rabbits under the general anesthesia with Ketamine HCl(2.5ML /kg.body wt.) injections. For prevention of infection after implant, prophylactic erythromycine injections, 250mg/body wt.(Aldrich Co. USA) were performed on each. On the sixth week after implant, all the experimental rabbits were sacrificed with over dose of Sedaject(Samwoo Pharm .Co. Korea). All the tissues containing each experimental materials were fixed in ethyle alcohol, and embedded in spurr resin(Polytechnic Co. USA) as usual manner. sectioned in 12 um thickness, grinded , stained with the Vulenueva's osteochrome stain methed and examined histopatholgically. For measuring the distances between the implant and bone without any connective tissue interface, all the distances were calculated the length of the implant direct contact to bones. using the view analyzer program( Korea Optical Co.) and the statistical analysis were performed using the one-way ANOVA test. The statistical differences were considered significant below 5% level. Following results were obtained. On the scanning electron microscopic examination, dull cracked continuous linear indentations were revealed on the machined surface implant, irregular sharp indentation on the resorbabale blast, irregular thin exophytic or indentated leaflets on the hydroxyapatite-sand implant, and long ovoid globular particles were revealed on the porous coating implant surface respectively. On the histopathologic examination, complete osseointegation was noted between the implant and cortex bone on the collar and the apex lesion and in parts, small newley formed bone spicules attached to the screws in marrow tissues with compatibility in all experimental groups, but on the aspect of the tissue compatibility to the various implant materials, the superiority of the materials could not identified. The ratio of drect contact between the bone and implant, the HA sand gorup was the most superior among the gorups and followed by the machine surface, but on RBM and porous coating groups were inferior compared to that on the experimental groups. With these results, the superiority of tissue compatibility among the experimental implant group could not be identified

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of c-fos and c-jun expression in the odontogenic cysts. For this study, 20 subjects of odontoenic dysts: 8 subjects of keratocysts and 12 subjects of periodontal cysts referred to the Dept. of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, were used as experimental group, and 5 subjects of normal oral mucosa without any inflammatory changes. were used as control groups respectively. All the tissues of experimental and control group were fixed in neutral formalin solution and embedded in paraffin, serial tissue section were made 5㎛ in thickness and processed in the standard way for immunohistochemical method, using primary antibodies, for c-fos, c-jun was diluted at 1:100 each, followed by the super sensitive non-biotin horse radish peroxidase system with DAB as chromogen application, counter stained with Gill's hematoxylin stainmethod, mounted. And examined under the biologic microscope with the criteria of -(no epithelial stain), +(weak or focal epithelial stain), ++(moderate or focal intensive epithelial stain), +++(intense generalized epithelial staining) for the epithelial, and stromal tissues on each. Attained results as follows. In normal oral mucosa, it is noted that moderate positive responses in cytoplasm and nuclei to c-fos and c-jun protein on each.. In the responses to c-fos, c-jun protein, moderate positive responses in nuclei and cytoplasms of the epithelial lining in keratocysts and periodontal cysts, but more intense reaction is noted on the periodontal cyst compare to that on the keratocysts. In the responses to c-fos, c-jun, it is noted that more intense responses in odontogenic cyst compare to that in the oral mucosa. In the responses to c-fos and c-jun on submucoas of oral normal mucosa, focal epithelial stain was noted. and more intensive reaction was noted on the odontogenic cysts, most in periodontal cysts. This results suggests that c-fos and c-jun protein effected on the induction of development and growth of the cysts

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of Fas, Fas-L, and FAP-1 expression in the oral squamous cell carcinomas and ameloblastomas. For this study, 10 subjects diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and 8 subjects of ameloblastoma referred to the Dept. of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 5 subjects of normal oral mucosa without any inflammatory changes were used as experimental, control groups respectively. All the tissues ; experimental and control group were fixed in neutral formalin solution and embedded in paraffin, serial tissue section were made 5㎛ in thickness and processed in the standard way for immunohistochemical method, using primary antibody against Fas, Fas-L, FAP-1, each was diluted at 1;100 followed by the super sensitive non- biotin horse radish peroxidase detection system with DAB as chormogen, counterstained with Gill's hematoxylin stain method , mounted. And examined under the biologic microscope with the criteria of -(no epithelial stain), +(weak or focal epithelial stain), ++(moderate or focal intensive epithelial stain), +++(intense generalized epithelial staining) for the epithelial, and connective tissue component in squamous cell carcinomas , ameloblastomas and normal oral mucosa on each. In normal oral epithelium, negative reaction was noted on the Fas . Fas-L stain, but on FAP-1 reaction, tumors cells with intense reaction on nuclei and cytoplasm or negative reaction on nuclei with intense reaction on cytoplasm were admixed. On Fas, Fas-1 reaction, both tumor cells of ameloblastoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma showed negative reaction on nuclei and cytoplasms. On FAP-1 reaction, tumor cells of oral squamous cell carcinomas showed more intensive response compare to that on ameloblastomas. Considering these results, the tumor cells of ameloblastoma and squamous cell carcinoma showed negative reaction on the Fas and Fas-L, but it could suggest that FAP-1 induce the development of tumors by means of inhibition of the apoptosis.

1'he purpose 0 1' this study was to evaluate the ro1e of c• fos and c-jun expression in the salivary gland tumol‘ s , For this study‘ 11 s ubj ects of sali vary gland tumors ; 4 su이 ects of p1eomorphic adenomas, 3 s ubj ects of adenoid cystic car cinomas , 2 s ubjects of adenocar cinomas, 2 subjects of mucoepidermoid tumors, referred to the Dept, of Ora l Path College of Dentis t l'Y, Kyung Hee Univer sity, were used as experimental group, and 2 subj ect s of normal minor salivary gla nds without a ny infla mmator y changes, were used as control group respectively, All the tissues experimenta l and control group were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution and embedded in paraffin , serial ti ssue section were made 5 I1I1l in thickness a nd processed in the s t andard way for immunohistochemical method, using primary and secondar y a ntibodi es, for c-fos, c-jun, foll owed by the Streptavidin-Horse Radish Peroxidase, all BioGenex U,S,A, made, appli cat ion counter s t ained with Mayer's hematoxylin stain method, mounted And examined under the biologic mi croscope, with the criteria : -(no epitheli al s ta in), +(weak or focal epithelial stain), ++(moder a te or focal intensive epithelial sta in)‘ +++(intense generali zed epithelial staining) for the epithelial, and stromal ti ssues on each Attained results as follows : 1 1n nonna l minor saliva ry gla nds , it is noted that negative responses on the acini minimal res ponses in nucl ei and cytoplams of se rous demilun e, myoepi theli al cells, and intensive r esponses in nuclei and cytoplam of ducta l cells to c-fos and c-jun, 2 1n the res ponses to c-fos, positive responses in nuclei and cytoplasms of the lining cells o[ the ad e nαd tissues, e pidermoid, and mucous cells in mucoepidermoid tumors are noted and in other tumor tissuses, negative nuclei wi th pos itive cyto plasms are revealed 3 1n the responses to c- jun, it is noted that positive r es ponse in nuclei and cytolasm i n the cells of adenoid tissues in pl eomorphic adenoma, epidermoid cell s, mucous cell in mucoe pi dermoid tumor but in other tumor s, only positive responses in cytoplasm are noted, Intensive r esponses on c-fos‘ c-jun were noted on the high a typical cells 1'his results suggest that c-fos and c-jun may be affected t o the reactivation on growt h and development of the salivary gland tumors

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of c-fos and c-jun expression in the oral squamous cell carcinoma and ameloblastomas. For this study, 12 subjects diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and 7 subjects of ameloblastomas referred to the Dept. of Oral Path. School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 2 subjects of normal oral mucosa without any inflammatory changes were used as experimental, control groups respectively. All the tissues ; experimental and control group were fixed in neutral formalin solution and embedded in paraffin, serial tissue section were made 5㎛ in thickness and processed in the standard way for immunohistochemical method, using primary and secondary antibodies, for c-fos (Anti-c-fos protein, rabbit polyclonal kit at 1:100 dilution), c-jun( anti-c-jun protein, rabbit polyclonal at 1:100 dilution), all BioGenex U.S.A. made, followed by the Streptavidin - Horse Radish Peroxidase(InnoGenex, Human-Avidin kit) application, counter stained with Mayer's hematoxylin stain method, mounted. And examined under the biologic microscope, with the criteria-(no epithelial stain), +(weak or focal epithelial stain), ++(moderate or focal intensive epithelial stain), +++(intense generalized epithelial staining) for the epithelial, and connective tissue component in squamous cell carcinomas, ameloblastomas and normal mucosal epithelium on each. Attained results as follows ; 1. In oral mucosa, c-fos and c-jun intensely expressed on the all cell layers except on the basal layer. Intense reaction is noted in the c-jun than in the c-fos. and a few cells with positive cytoplasm, negative nuclear are scattered in all layer. 2. The response to c-fos in ameloblastomas, is various according to the histological type, but intense resposes are nodted in nuclear and cytoplasm on the tall columnar cells at the periphery of the follicles compare to that on the stellate cells. 3. The respone to c-fos in squamous cell carcinoma, intense reaction is noted in cytoplasm and nuclei of the tumor cells in well differentiated, poorly differentiated type. 4. The response to c-jun in ameloblastoma, it is noted that moderate respone in nuclear and cytoplasm, at the tall columnar cells at the periphery of follicular or plexiform type but intense respone was notes on the columnar cells, and stellate cell in cytoplasm and nuclear of acanthomatous type. 5. The respon to c-jun in squamous cell carcinoma, it is noted that intensive responses only in cytoplasm in well differentiated type, but intensive responses in nuclei and cytoplasm in the poorly differentiated type are revealed. Intensive responses on c-fos, c-jun were noted on the high atypical cells. This results suggest that c-fos and c-jun may be affected to the reactivation on growth and development of the squamous cell carcinoma.

The puφose of this study was to evaluate the role of EGF(Epidermal Growth Factor), EGFR(Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor), aFGF(acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor or FGF-1), bFGF(basic Fibroblast Growth Factor or FGF-2), FGFR(Fibroblast Growth Faαor Receptor), and VEGF(Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) in the development of the human ameloblastomas For this study 9 subjects, diagnosed as ameloblastomas referred to the Dept. of Oral Path. College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 2 subjeαs of normal oral mucosa with any inflammatory changes were used as experimental, control groups respectively. All the tissues ; experimental and control group were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution and embedded in paraffm, serial tissue section were made 하1m in thickness and processed in the standard way for immunohistochemical method, using primary and secondary antibodies, for EGF(Antirabbit Ig G, rabbit kit at }:1oo dilution), EGFR(Antimouse Ig G, mouse kit at 1:100 dilution), aFGF(Antirabbit Ig G, rabbit kit at 1:100 dilution), bFGF(Antirabbit Ig G, rabbit kit at 1:100 dilution), FGFR(Antimouse Ig G, mouse kit at 1:100 dilution) , and VEGF(Antirabbit Ig G, rabbit kit at 1:100 dilution), all BioGenex U.S. A. made, followed by the Streptavidin - Horse Radish Peroxidase(InnoGenex, Human-avidin kit) appli때on ， counter stained with Mayer’s hematoxylin stain method. And examined under the biologic microscope, graded -(no epithelial stain), +(weak or focal epithelial stain), ++(moderate or focal intensive epithelial stain), +++(intense generalized epithelial staining) for the epithelial, and connective 따sue component in ameloblastomas and in normal mucosal epithelium on each. Attained results as follows ; 1. EGF, EGFR, aFGF, bFGF, FGFR, and VEGF showed more intense stainability on experimental group compare t，。 that on the control group. 2. EGF, EGFR, aFGF, bFGF, FGFR, and VEGF showed more intense stainability in epithelial component and more intensely stained on the peripheral ce11s of the ameloblastomas. 3. EGF, EGFR, aFGF, bFGF, FGFR, and VEGF showed positive stainability on the stromal tissues but its level is lower compare to that on the epithelial components. Those results suggested that those growth factors take a role in development and progression on the amelob비las와tomas

까le purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of EGF(Epidermal Growth Factor) , EGFR(Epidemlal Growth Factor Receptor), aFGF(acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor, FGF-1), bFGF(basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, FGF-2), FGFR(Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor), and VEGF(Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) 띠 the development of the oral squamous cell carcinoma. For this study 6 subjects, diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma refelTed to the Dept. of Oral Path. College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 2 subjects of normal 이띠 mucosa with any inflammatolY changes were used as expelimental, control groups respectively. AlI the 디ssu es ; expe디me nta l and control group were fixed in 100;ú neutral fOlmalin solution and embeclded in paraffìn , seIial tissue section were made 511m in thickness ancl processecl in the standard way for immunohistochemical methocl, using primary ancl seconclalY antibodies, for EGF(Antirabbit Ig G, rabbit kit at 1:100 dilution), EGFR(Antimouse Ig G, mouse kit at 1:100 dilution), aFGF(Antirabbit Ig G, rabbit kit at 1:100 dilution), bFGF(Antirabbit Ig G, rabbit 써t at 1:100 dilution), FGFR(Antimouse Ig G, mouse kit at 1:100 dilution), ancl VEGF(Antirabbit Ig G, rabbit kit at 1:100 clilution), all BioGenex U.S.A. macle, followed by the Stre ptavidin - Horse Radish Peroxidase(InnoGenex, Human-avidin kit) application, counter stained with Mayer’s hematoxylin stain method. And examined under the biologic microscope, -(no epithelial stain), +(weak or focal epithelial stain), ++(mode rate or focal intensive epithelial stain), +++(intense generalized epithelial staining) for the epithelial, and connective tissue component in squamous cell carcinoma and in nomlal mucosal epithelium on each. Attained results as follows ; 1. It is noted that more intensed reactio n EGF, EGFR, aFGF, bFGF, FGFR, and VEGF on experimental group compare to that on the control group. 2. Increased reaction is noted on the tumor components compare to that in the stromal tissues. 3. Intensed reaction is noted on the basement membrane adjacent to cancer nest to EGF, EGFR, aFGF, bFGF, FGFR, and VEGF 4. It is noted that intensed positive reaction on cancer pearls, cancer components with hyperactivities, in cancer nest. And at the peIiphelY of cancer nest, diffuse moclerate reaction to EGF, EGFR, aFGF, bFGF, FGFR, and VEGF is notecl This results suggest that EGF, EGFR, aFGF, bFGF, FGFR, and VEGF mJy be effectecl to the growth ancl clevelopment of the squamous cell carcinoma.

For the safety extirpation in case of acute pulpitis with painless procedure, lots of pulp devitalizers have been designed for a long time. Authors have manufactured experimental pulp devitalizer with adding some other constituents for main components of paraformaldehyde and local anesthetics. The purpose of this study was to observe the histopathologic tissue response in pulp tissues by applying newly developed safety pulp devitalizer to the human tooth. For this experiments 5 human teeth in 4 patients (ages of 26 to 49) were used. In case of acute pulpitis with pulp exposure, divided into two groups; One group, carious dentin removed, and then was applied newly developed devitalizer directly to exposed small pulp tissues. Other group, was exposed the pulp chamber, pulpotomized and then the devitalizer was applied to remaining pulp tissues. The teeth were extracted on 3rd and 7th day after operation respectively. For the control group, Depulpin? was used as pulp devitalizer. All the extracted teeth were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution, decalcified in Plank-Richlo solution, embedded in paraffin, sectioned 6-8㎛ in thickness, stained with hematoxylin-eosin stain method, and examined under microscope. Attained results were as follows; 1. There were no difference in histopathologic aspects either exposed or not pulp chamber, the extent of necrosis of pulp tissue and destruction of odontoblast was similar to that on the 3rd day of control group and both the 3rd and 7th day of the experimental group. 2. For the necrosis of pulp tissue and destruction of odontoblast on the 3rd day of control group exposed pulp chamber, was similar to that on the 3rd day of experimental group exposed small pulp tissue. The experimental pulp devitalizer could reduce the side effects, which reduced the amount of paraformaldehyde components, adding other constituents, reduced the duration of pulp devitalization, and useful whether exposed or not the pulp chamber.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of EGF(Epidermal Growth Factor), EGFR(Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor), aFGF(acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor, FGF-1), bFGF(basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, FGF-2), FGFR(Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor) in the development of radicular cyst. For this study 37 subjects, diagnosed as radicular cysts. referred to the Dept. of Oral Path. College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, were used as experimental group. And for control group, 2 subjects of normal oral epithelium without any inflammatory changes were used. All the tissues; experimental and control group were neutral formation fixed and paraffin embedded. serial tissue section were made at 5㎛ and processed in the standard way for immunohistochemical method, using primary antibodies against, EGF(Antirabbit Ig G at 1:100 dilution), EGFR(Antimouse Ig G at 1:100 dilution), aFGF(Antirabbit Ig G, rabbit kit at 1:100 dilution), bFGF(Antirabbit Ig G, mouse kit at 1:100 dilution), FGFR(Antimouse Ig G mouse kit at 1:100 dilution), all BioGenex U.S.A. made except EGFR(Chemicon U.S.A.) followed by the Streptavidin - Horse Radish Peroxidase (InnoGenex Human-avidin kit) application, counter stained with Meyer's hematoxylin stain method. And examined under microscope, graded 0(no epithelial stain), +(weak or focal epithelial stain), ++(moderate or focal intensive epithelial stain), +++(intense generalized epithelial staining) for the epithelium, and connective tissue of cyst wall. 1. EGF, EGFR, aFGF, bFGF, FGFR showed more intense staining on radicular cysts compare to that on the normal mucosa. 2. EGF, EGFR, aFGF, bFGF, FGFR stained in mucosa, submucosa of the control group and also stained on the lining epithelium, connective tissues of cyst wall in the experimental group. EGF, EGFR, aFGF, bFGF, FGFR take a part in the development of the radicular cyst.