The objective of this study is to assess immunomodulatory effects of mixed Weissella (W.) cibaria JW15 strain with water extract of black soybean (Glycine max) and burdock (Arctium lappa) on Listeria (L.) monocytogenes infection in mice. Female 7-9 week old BALB/c mice were given a daily dose of 1 × 109 CFU of viable JW15 and JW15 mixed with black soybean (BS) and burdock (BD) in 200 μL PBS for 2 weeks. The nomal control group (NC) and positive control group (PC) were given 200 μL PBS. After 2 weeks, mice were infected with L. monocytogenes (1.0 × 105 CFU/mouse) via the tail vein. The NC was injected with 100 μL PBS without L. monocytogenes. After 2 days, mice were euthanized and their body weights were determined. In addition, their livers and spleens were weighed, and serum were analyzed for cytokine (Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) production. The survival rate was monitored using 5 mice in each group in the same way above until the mice died. Two days after infection with L. monocytogenes, mean spleen weight per body weight (g/kg) of JW15 (5.4 ± 0.88 g/kg), JW15 + BS (6.0 ± 0.64 g/kg), and JW15 + BD (5.3 ± 0.38 g/kg) group were significantly lower than that of the PC (6.8 ± 0.57 g/kg). The level of IL-1β in the serum of JW15 + BD (113.6 ± 31.03 pg/mL) was significantly higher than that of the JW15 (67.9 ± 15.15 pg/mL). Collectively, combination W. cibaria JW15 and water extract of BD and BD have ability to induce synergistic immunomodulative effects and are suitable for consideration as a functional food for humans and functional feed additives for companion animals.

The objective of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects mixed with Weissella cibaria JW15 strain and black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). In this experiment, JW15 was cultured in De Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth at 37% for 17 hr, and the cells were washed twice with sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.2). And black soybean was extracted by ethanol or hot boiling water. The immuno-modulatory effects of mixed JW15 and black soybean extract were investigated by measuring the production of nitric oxide (NO), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and cytokine (Interleukin-1β and Tumor necrosis factor-α) in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells or RAW blue cells. The 0.1 % ethanol and hot water extract of black soybean increased NO, NF-κB, and cytokine production in a concentration dependent manner. The NF-κB activation by JW15 mixed with 0.1 % hot water extract of black soybean (0.26 ± 0.02) was significantly higher than JW15 alone (0.20 ± 0.02). Also, combination of JW15 and 0.1% hot water extract of black soybean triggered IL-1β production of 110.19 ± 4.38 pg/mL, which was significantly greater than the JW15 alone (12.06 ± 7.58 pg/mL). The results of this study indicate that combination of Weissella cibaria JW15 and black soybean extract may have an ability to activate innate immune response synergistically. According to these results, the mixture of JW15 and black soybean extract could hold great promise for use in probiotics.

본 연구에서는 서리태 발효추출물의 모발보호효과를 확인하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 화학적 산화를 통해 손상된 모발을 준비한 뒤 서리태 발효추출물을 처리하였을 때 모발의 형태학적 특성, 인장강도, 구성성분의 변화를 분석하여 비교하였다. 그 결과 모발에 산화제를 처리하였을 때, 표피의 큐티클 층이 손상되고 모발의 인 장강도가 14.32 ± 0.83 g/cm2에서 12.32 ± 0.79 g/cm2로 감소되었음을 확인하였다. FT-IR 분석결과 산화 제를 처리한 모발은 버진 헤어에 비하여 1,077, 1,041, 801 cm-1에 해당하는 피크가 증가하였으며, 이를 통해 케라틴 단백질 간의 이황화 결합에 필수적인 시스테인이 산화되는 것을 확인하였다. 반면, 손상된 모발에 서리태 발효추출물을 처리한 경우에는 표피의 큐티클 층의 틈이 메워지고, 인장강도가 14.27 ± 0.96 g/cm2로 회복되 었으며, 모발의 성분 중 시스테인의 산화물 비율이 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 발효 서 리태 추출물은 산화제에 의해 손상된 모발의 보호 소재로 연구될 가치가 있는 것으로 기대된다.

In order to investigate the utilization of the Omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) extract as a natural coagulant for manufacturing soybean curd, the quality characteristics of white (Baktae) and black (Seoritae) soybean curds, coagulated by the Omija extract or MgCl2, were evaluated. Crude protein (6.14±0.30 and 6.25±0.18%, respectively) and crude lipid (10.86±1.74 and 11.29±1.69%, respectively) contents of white and black soybean curds coagulated using the Omija extract were higher than those coagulated using MgCl2. Black soybean curds coagulated using the Omija extract showed higher L, a, and b values than those using MgCl2. The most abundant amino acid in white and black soybean curds coagulated using the Omija extract was arginine (3.74 and 3.71 mg/100 g, dry basis, respectively). The amounts of Ca, K, Mg, and Na were the highest in both soybean curds prepared with the Omija extract. The sensory evaluation (color, flavor, taste, texture, and overall preference) showed that white and black soybean curds coagulated using the Omija extract were more preferred than those produced using MgCl2. The results suggested that using the Omija extract as a natural coagulant agent could improve the quality and sensory characteristics of soybean curds.

Black soybean teata is helpful to preventing obesity through enhancing energy expenditure and suppressing accumulation in mesenteric adipose tissue. The ethanol testa-extract of Cheongja #3 black soybean (ETCBS) is also have similar effects on obesity. So far, it is not clear whether the ethanol testa extract of black soybean can have effect on the characters of subcutaneous adipose stem cells such as proliferation, activity, and adipogenicity. The doubling time was different between subcutaneous adipose-derived stem (ADS) and visceral ADS cells. By the in vitro culture and passage, the doubling time was increased both of them. The shape was not different between groups and their passages were not cause the change of shapes. In the case of visceral ADS cells, the doubling time was 62.3 h or 40.3 h in control or high fat diet administrated mice, respectively, but not modified in subcutaneous ADS cells. ETCBS administration caused of increased the doubling time from 62.3 h to 84.2 h. ETCBS had suppressive effects on the cellular activity of subcutaneous ADS cells. The intensity of Oil Red O staining was very faint in 100 and 200 mg/mL ETCBS treated groups. The amounts of accumulated triglyceride were also significantly low in 100 and 200 mg/mL treated groups. From these results we know that the doubling times and the effects of ETCBS are different by the anatomical origin of ADS cells. It also suggested that ETCBS may suppress the differentiation of subcutaneous ADS cells into the precursors and maturing of adipocytes.

Anthocyanins are the largest group of water-soluble pigments in the plant kingdom. They are widely distributed in the human diet through crops, beans, fruits, vegetables and red wine. The specific health effects that anthocyanins might have in vivo are not known, although there are several possibilities related to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In this study we used human subcutaneous adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hADSC) and mouse subcutaneous adipose mesenchymal stem cells (mADSC) to evaluate the effects of anthocyanins. And we examined the effect of cell activity and adipocyte differentiation by Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), Delphinidin-3-ß-D-glucoside (D3G) that are among the anthocyanin family and black soybean extract. Using MTT assay method, we tested cellular metabolic activity. In mADSC, cell activity is significantly decreased by C3G and D3G (50 uM, 100 uM, and 200 uM), and black soybean extract (100 ug/ml and 200 ug/ml). In hADSC, cell activity is significantly decreased only by C3G (50 uM, 100 uM and 200 uM) unlike in mADSC. Cell activity is significantly increased of 100 uM D3G and black soybean extract (50 ug/ml, 100 ug/ml and 200 ug/ml). In mADSC, 50 uM C3G promoted differentiation into adipocyte but no effect in other concentration. D3G suppressed the differentiation of mADSC at 100 uM and 200 uM. 50 ug/ml black soybean extract promoted differentiation of mADSC, but 200 ug/ml black soybean extract suppressed differentiation. In hADSC, 50 uM, 100 uM and 200 uM C3G suppressed differentiation. 100 uM D3G promoted differentiation into adipocyte, but 200uM D3G suppressed it. Black soybean extract suppressed the differentiation into adipocyte at 50 ug/ml, 100 ug/ml and 200 ug/ml. These data showed that the responsibility to the C3G and D3G were different between hADSC and mADSC. Interestingly the responsibility to the black soybean extract was similar between hADSC and mADSC. Based on them, it is suggested that there are species-specificity to the cellular responsibility to the anthocyanins in subcutaneous ADSC.