골목상권은 상권 경쟁력 확보와 상권 내 점포의 안정적 운영 측면에서 중요한 공간적 영역으로 인식되어 왔고, 코로나 이후 상권 측면에서도 골목상권은 중요한 연구 대상으로 제기되고 있다. 지금까지 골목상권 연구는 서울시와 같은 대도시 골목상권 을 중심으로 진행되어 왔다. 이에 본 연구는 청주시를 사례로 소상공인 개별 데이터와 GIS 기법을 활용하여 중소도시에 적합한 골목상권 영역 설정 방법을 제안하고, 이를 토대로 골목상권 유형을 분류하고 주요 특성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 골목상권 영역 설정은 데이터 전처리 과정을 거쳐, 생활밀착형 업종 점포를 추출하고 도로명주소 내 ‘길’ 단위 점포를 추출하여 골목상권 영역을 설정하였다. 골목상권 유형은 개폐업률에 의해 성장형-순환형-정체형-쇠퇴형으로 분류하고, 네 유형의 골목상권 분포를 지도화하 고 상권별 주요 특성을 살펴보았다. 본 연구에서 제안한 골목상권 영역 설정 방법과 유형 분류는 앞으로 세밀한 골목상권의 이해와 공간 단위에서의 골목상권 변화에 활용되기를 기대한다. 또한 본 연구의 성과는 상권의 이해와 변화 예측을 넘어 골목상권 활성화를 위한 정책 수립의 출발점이 될 수 있다.

The purpose of the present study was to generate a list of business ethics components according to business area for small and medium-sized fashion companies. Based on the literature review, 21 components of business ethics components were identified within five business areas. Ten CEOs(Chief Executive Officers) each participated in an in-depth interview, sharing ethical and unethical cases from their own businesses. Constant comparative analysis was used to generate important business ethics components from those cases. In results, important business ethics components for each business area are: 1) using human-friendly materials, strengthening sustainable technologies, using vegan materials, concerning safe process, and reducing waste in the material production and sourcing area, 2) enhancing an efficiency in design, developing recycle/reuse designs, avoiding to copy designs, and using messages for public interest in the product design area, 3) concerning fair-trade, reducing harmful substance, saving energy, and using ethical supply channels in the distribution and logistics area, 4) acquiring certifications, promoting consumer protection, avoiding exaggerative/false advertisements, and promoting social contributions in the management and marketing area, and 5) promoting workers’ rights, complying with the law, and investing on employee educations in the labor management area. All of the ethical and unethical cases of the ten companies have involved aspects of the 21 components, thereby enhancing understandings on how each issue is being seriously considered and/or handled in the small and medium-sized fashion companies. Study findings may provide a basis for development of a research model for quantitative studies and/or educational programs related to business ethics in the fashion industry.

The study aims to analyze the adaptation strategies and resilience of tobacco farmers to face unfavorable trading system. The research method refers to a qualitative approach with phenomenological models and case studies. The findings revealed tobacco farmers in Jember developed various adaptation strategies and resilience through farmer group organizations, partnerships, self-capacity building and access to financial institutions based on economic, social, cultural, and experience values from various sources and interactions among fellow tobacco farmers. The tobacco trading system, which is left to the market mechanism, results in low bargaining power of farmers, this encourages tobacco farmers to develop various adaptation and survival strategies, namely through collective activities of farmer groups, partnerships and self-development and access to financial institutions. Dealing with the unfavorable tobacco trading system, tobacco farmers do not switch to other commodity farming but adapt and make Jember a center for tobacco production in East Java and Indonesia. From this findings, it suggests to the government as the regulator does not only provide subsidies for tobacco farmers, but also must provide various technical assistance to increase the ability of tobacco farmers. More importantly, regulations must be made benefit tobacco farmers other than corporations so that equality can be enjoyed by tobacco economy players.

This study aims to offer base line data for efficient conflicts control measures by first, analyzing the current situation of the regional comprehensive development project and second, identifying level, type and cause of the conflicts appeared during the development business promotion. For this purpose, theoretical side of this study establishes a basic frame by reviewing the existing researches in order to analyze the characteristics of the conflicts between the participation subjects in the development business, and the empirical side conducts survey and analysis on the awareness on these conflicts. As a result of the analysis, the survey revealed the followings. First, the respondents were aware of the overall promotions of the business quite positively, second, the conflicts were considered as a major obstacle against the development project promotion just as the other negative factors, third, majority of the responses on the seriousness of the conflicts were neutral which meant that the conflicts could be deepened by situations, fourth, most respondents had positive recognition on the needs of conflict control training and its effectiveness, and last but not least, most respondents of the survey revealed their intentions to take parts in trouble shooting from the conflicts. Based on the results above, we were able to extract several elements to consider preparing the countermeasures for the conflicts. First, specific plan should be arranged and institutionalized in order to control the conflicts between the residents at the initial stage of the development business or even before. Second, the specific plan must lower its threshold for easy participation of the residents in that region and make the residents main body of the conflict control. Third, enhanced conflict control education must be provided to the residents of the region where comprehensive development plan is in progress or being prepared.