본 연구는 정규화한 집중도 지수(HHI)를 활용해 1995~2023년 칠레의 수출 품목 및 시장 다각화 추이를 분석했다. 품목 집중도는 전체 품목을 대상으로 산출한 후 농업·광업·제조업으로 구분해 제시했으며, 제조업은 기술집약도별로 추가 분해해 살펴봤다. 전체 기간은 국내외 여건 변화에 따라 4개 시기로 구분했다. 분석 결과, 전체 수출 품목 집중도는 제2기 상승 이후 제3기에 완화됐으나 제4기에는 등락이 나타났다. 산업별로 농 업의 집중도는 가장 낮았고 광업은 가장 높았으며, 구리광·정광의 비중이 확대됐다. 제조업 집중도는 제3기 완화됐지만 중저기술 부문에서는 구리 관련 품목 중심의 높은 집중도가 유지됐다. 한편 시장 집중도는 제2기 후 반 이후 중국 비중 확대와 함께 상승해 품목 집중도와 다른 흐름을 보였 다. 종합하면 칠레 수출은 산업별, 제조업 기술집약도별 다각화 양상이 상이했고, 비광업 품목이 존재함에도 불구하고 광업 의존과 중국 의존이 병존했다. 향후 다각화 관련 정책 논의에서는 산업별 우선순위를 달리 설 정하되, 품목과 시장을 구분한 접근이 필요하며, 탄산염 수출 비중 확대 가 자원 기반 집중으로 연결되지 않도록 가치사슬 참여 확대와 지역사회· 환경 이슈를 고려한 대응이 요구된다.

Export diversification – the extent to which the firm seizes export sales opportunities across different nations and/or geographic regions – is a critical element of export marketing strategy. Yet, knowledge of the export performance consequences of export diversification is lacking. Underpinned by contingency and resource dependence theories, we examine the export diversification-export performance relationship as well as critical contingencies of this link. Based on a sample of UK exporters we find that firms gain the highest export performance benefits when they simultaneously increase national and regional export diversification. Our results also show that the export diversification-export performance link is weaker when firms operate in markets that are very in dynamism. Additionally, the relationship between export diversification and performance is stronger when both resource sharing and interfunctional coordination are high. Such contextual factors provide a better understanding of the diversification-performance relationship.

Purpose - In the digital era, technology advancement enables goods and services to be produced more efficiently but also create economy risk in the global economy including Indonesia. Previous studies stated that the risk can be mitigated through export diversification. This study investigates strategy to expand the markets for existing products and explore the potential market. Research design, data, and methodology - The criteria was followed using a review and considerations combination through the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to determine the priority product in trading house of Indonesia. This study implemented market share to explore those products’ markets and compare it to other ASEAN countries. Results - The Indonesian potential products are T-shirts, singlets and other vests of textile materials, knitted or crocheted (excluding cotton); food preparations; medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed products for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes; soap in the form of flakes, granules, powder, paste or in aqueous solution; and cocoa powder, not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter. The market analysis also showed that Indonesia still had not optimally accessed yet the largest market in the world for each product. Conclusions - The government should focus more on increasing the competitiveness of those products, particularly in those global marketplaces.

Purpose - Indonesian economy often receives negative impact from external factors, particularly through trade linkage. To mitigate that impact, the export market and product diversification should be established. Latin America is one of the potential regions to augment the Indonesian export market. Research design, data, and methodology - This study attempts to classify the potential market and product for Indonesian export, particularly in Latin America, by using panel regression, trade complementarity, and export similarity index over the period 2000-2015. Regression was also used to examine whether the presence of the Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) can support diversification. Results - Based on regression results, those indexes established Chile, Uruguay, Suriname, and Ecuador as the priority countries with the products: animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes; chemicals and related products; miscellaneous manufactured articles; commodities and transactions. Conclusions - The results of the regression concludes that the trade complementarity index gave a significant positive effect to boost Indonesian export, whereas, the export similarity index gave a significant negative effect. The regression also conclude that ITPC gave a significant positive impact on Indonesian export. For instance, the government should prioritize those countries and products and also develop ITPC there to optimize Indonesian export.