In this study, eye movements of drivers on expressway ramps were comprehensively investigated using raw data from driving simulator and eye tracker(MyGaze) deducted though the previous study. Based on the literature review, several parameters including number of fixations, fixation time, horizontal & vertical eye movements, and gaze position were selected. With them, eye movements of older drivers and young drivers were compared and investigated. Average fixation time of older drivers is shorter and tend to focus more on the inside road edge for both left and right turning ramps comparing young drivers. Also, they tend to look wider at right turning ramp. All driver’s fixation points were spread along the inside road edge for both left and right turning ramps. Currently, road delineating facilities are installed on the side where centrifugal force is applied. However, considering the result, it should be installed where centripetal force is applied. In addition, road line marking management should be more taken care of. For future study, vehicle’s speed is also in need of consideration with eye movement.

The present study attempts to make a link between eye movement measures and reading comprehension (RC) to further examine how reading span (RS) differences contribute to differences in L2 reading performance. The variability of text processing was measured by duration and frequency of fixations using an eye tracker. Thus, it investigates the effects of RS in terms of processing as well as RC performance. To this end, forty-five Korean undergraduate students at an intermediate level participated in the experiment. Four types of eye movements were tracked: first-fixation time (FFT), total-fixation time (TFT), secondfixation time (SFT), and fixation count (FC). The results showed that the high-RS group received higher scores than the low-RS group on the RC test, suggesting a significant role of RS in RC performance. In addition, significant differences between the RS groups were found in TFT and SFT. RC performance is negatively correlated with the TFT and SFT. Due to their limited RS, the low-RS group needed more time for comprehension and left few resources available for integration of meaning in the text. The findings suggest that fast and efficient EMs are closely associated with a better RC performance. The present study shed light on how RS affects the students’ text processing and that, in turn, leads them to different outcomes from the L2 reading comprehension tests.

목적: 동체시력의 특성을 파악하기 위해 동체시력과 정지시력, 순간시력 및 안구움직임의 관계를 분석하였다. 방법: 20-30대 일반인 40명을 대상으로 동체시력, 고대비 및 저대비 정지시력, 순간시력, 주시 및 홱보기 안구움직임을 측정하였다. 동체시력은 상하좌우 방향으로 반전된 Snellen E 시표를 임의로 투사하여 측정하였으며, 시표의 방향을 식별할 수 있는 최고 각속도를 동체시력으로 지정하였다. 정지시력은 4 m 거리 에서 logMAR 시표를 이용하여 측정하였고, 시표의 대비에 따라 고대비(100%) 및 저대비(10%) 시력으로 나 누었다. 순간시력은 다섯 자리 숫자 시표를 이용하여 평가하였고, 시표 노출 시간은 14 ms와 7 ms이었다. 안구움직임은 고정형 안구추적장치를 이용하여 측정하였다. NYSOA King-Devick 검사의 하위 세 가지 시표를 읽는 동안 주시 및 홱보기 안구움직임을 추적하였다. 결과: 동체시력은 고대비 정지시력(r=-0.43, p=0.01), 저대비 정지시력(r=-0.40, p=0.01)과 통계적으 로 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 순간시력은 동체시력과 상관관계가 없었고(r=-0.29, p=0.07), 시표 식별 시 개입되는 시기억능력(visual memory)의 영향을 축소시켰을 때에도 상관성이 없었다(r=-0.10, p=0.57). 동 체시력과 주시 및 홱보기 안구움직임은 상관관계를 보이지 않았다(fixation counts: r=0.07, p=0.65, fixation duration: r=0.27, p=0.10, saccade counts: r=0.02, p=0.93, saccade duration: r=0.01, p= 0.98, saccade amplitude: r=0.22. p=0.18, saccadic velocity: r=0.23, p=0.15). 다중회귀분석 결과, 동체시력에 영향을 미치는 요인은 고대비 정지시력으로 나타났다(β=-0.43, p=0.01). 결론: 동체시력은 고대비 및 저대비 정지시력에 따른 시각 능력 및 시각의 질과 관련이 있었다. 정지시력, 순간시력 및 안구움직임 중 동체시력에 영향을 미치는 성분은 고대비 정지시력이었으며, 순간시력이나 안구움직임이 동체시력에 미치는 영향은 추가적인 분석이 필요하다고 사료된다.