In this study, we analyzed the antifungal activities of five essential oils (clove, rosemary, thyme, basil, and oregano) against three fungi (Penicillium oxalicum, Penicillium commune, and Cladosporium cladosporioides) isolated from farm-type fermented meat products Though their antifungal activities differed for each fungus, thyme had the greatest effect. Notably, C. cladosporioides showed the highest sensitivity to essential oils, and growth inhibitory effects were greater than for the other two strains. Additionally, ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP analysis confirmed that the five essential oils studied had antioxidant activity. ABTS analysis showed that clove (75%) and oregano (75%) oils had the highest antioxidant activities (both 93.7%). DPPH analysis showed that clove (75%) and rosemary (75%) oils had significantly greater antioxidant activities (both 93.8%) than thyme, basil, or oregano oils. FRAP results indicated that clove and basil oils were the strongest reductants. Comprehensive comparative analysis indicated that clove oil had more antioxidant activity than the other four essential oils. Overall, the study shows that the excellent antifungal properties of clove oil could be harnessed to produce safe fermented meat products by preventing rancidity and mold contamination.

Fermented sausages prepared by inoculation with different starter cultures were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. Three types of fermented sausages were processed separately, without starter culture (control), with a commercial culture mix, and culture mix plus Lactobacillus plantarum (LP). On proximate analysis, two inoculated sausages showed an increase in moisture and fat contents (p<0.05). The inoculated sausages showed lower hardness and gumminess values (p<0.05) than control. The combination of starter culture with LP displayed the lowest chewiness and cohesiveness values and showed a more intensive red color (p<0.05). Two inoculated batches showed significantly lower pH values and water activity than control, in accordance with the increase in lactic acid bacteria (p<0.05). The inoculated sausages reduced the extent of lipid oxidation (p<0.05) and induced an increase in lauric acid, linoleic acid, eicosadienoic acid, and arachidonic acid, as well as they had a higher polyunsaturated fatty acid content and ratio of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (p<0.05). The addition of LP to the starter culture in a suitable combination resulted in a positive effect on the physicochemical and microbiological attributes of fermented sausages.

본 연구는 염지제의 종류에 따른 발효소시지의 숙성 중 미생물 및 위생적 품질 변화에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 천일염+NaNo2, 정제소금+NaNo2, KCl+NaNo2, MgCl2+NaNo2 총 4가지 형태의 염 지제 종류에 따라 제조된 발효소시지를 숙성 중 수분활성도, VBN, TBA 및 미생물 분석을 실시하였다. 수분활성도의 경우 숙성28일과 35일에서 KCl+NaNo2 처리구가 다른 처리구보다 가장 낮은 값을 나타 내었다(p<0.05). VBN 의 경우 숙성기간 중 KCl+NaNo2 처리구가 다른 처리구보다 가장 낮은 값을 나 타내었다(p<0.05). TBA 값은 숙성기간 중 KCl+NaNo2 처리구가 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었고, 천일염 +NaNo2처리구가 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 미생물 분석 결과, 유산균수의 경우 처리구와 상관없이 숙성 14일까지 증가하다, 숙성 35일까지 약간 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 본 연구 결과를 통해 염지제로서 염화나트륨을 대체할 수 있는 KCl의 사용이 위생적 품질에 악영향 없이 염화 나트륨 함량을 감소시킬 수 있는 가장 좋은 방법이고 저염 육제품 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.