The purpose of this study was to investigate research trends in Foreign Languages Education by analyzing the articles published from its inaugural issue in 1995 to 2025, commemorating the journal’s 30th anniversary. The study analyzed a total of 1,347 research articles written by 1,892 researchers. The analysis focused on target learners, author types, target languages, article language, and research topics, categorized into three ten-year periods. The results reveal notable enhancements in the quantity and quality of research conducted over the period. Findings indicate that research activities peaked between 2005 and 2015, accompanied by a shift from single-authored papers to collaborative studies. While English remained the dominant target language, recent years have demonstrated diversification into Korean as a foreign language, Chinese, Vietnamese, and others. College students were the most frequently studied participants, and language learning/acquisition and teaching methods were consistently the most prominent research topics. Moreover, a notable increase in collaborative authorship was observed, reflecting expanded academic networking and growing research cooperation. By providing a comprehensive overview of three decades of research, this study offers valuable insights and a foundational resource for guiding future directions in foreign language education.

This study explores a pedagogical approach to learning modern Greek imperative forms using machine translation and evaluates its relevance in language education. While imperatives frequently appear in textbooks and exams, they present challenges for beginners, highlighting the need for effective instruction. Machine translation can serve as a practical learning aid in this context. The study h as tw o k ey a ims: e valuating t he q uality of G reek-to-Korean imperative sentence translations from Google Translate and DeepL, and identifying effective learning activities for helping students recognize and acquire imperative forms, specifically in instructional texts. The analysis shows that although machine translation captures core meanings, it struggles with contextually accurate expressions and complex syntax. The study suggests using machine translation to familiarize beginners with imperative forms and support intuitive learning. For more advanced learners, comparing machine and human translations can promote deeper grammatical understanding. Ultimately, machine translation can function not only as a translation tool but also as a means for linguistic analysis and grammar awareness in second language learning.

This paper aims to analyze the cognitive-semantic properties of Greek preverbs derived from ancient Greek prepositions and proposes a vocabulary teaching method utilizing them. Vocabulary acquisition plays a crucial role in foreign language learning, yet traditional methods often rely on simple interpretation or context-based understanding, leaving learners to fill in knowledge gaps independently through dictionary use. In this study, a method for mastering preverbs derived from ancient Greek prepositions to enhance modern Greek vocabulary is presented. These morphemes, evolved from ancient Greek prepositions into modern Greek preverbs, are paired with various verbs, primarily those with spatial connotations. The focus centers on 15 preverbs: anti-, apo-, dia-, eis-, en-, epi-, kata-, meta-, para-, peri-, pro-, pros-, syn-, yper-, and ypo-. The usage of these preverbs in vocabulary construction is analyzed, and they are employed for instructional purposes. Each preverb’s semantic domain is delineated, accompanied by a schematic representation to aid learners in conceptualization by establishing a central meaning. By engaging in conceptualization, learners can grasp preverb meanings, comprehend new vocabulary utilizing these preverbs, and progressively expand their vocabulary to encompass peripheral meanings associated with each preverb.

The objective of this study is to examine ways to develop and design actual teaching and learning materials based on grammar consciousness-raising tasks. In our country, unlike in the field of English or Korean language education as a foreign language, in the area of Spanish education there is very little research on grammar consciousness-raising tasks and there is no research on the development of teaching and learning materials. Therefore, this study was focused on teaching Spanish as a foreign language. First of all, we looked at the concept and characteristics of the grammar consciousness-raising tasks, their pros and cons, and the expected effects of introducing these tasks into domestic Spanish education. Afterwards, we set the teaching and learning model based on the grammar consciousness-raising tasks and looked at things to be careful about when designing tasks corresponding to each stage. Based on this, we created actual teaching and learning materials. We hope that this study will serve as a reference and that research on grammar consciousness-raising tasks will be actively conducted in domestic Spanish education, and that materials will be developed with more diverse language items. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar formas de desarrollar materiales de enseñanza y aprendizaje basados en las tareas gramaticales y diseñar materiales reales. En nuestro país, a diferencia de la enseñanza del idioma inglés o coreano como lengua extranjera, existe muy poca investigación sobre las tareas gramaticales en el ámbito de la enseñanza de la lengua española, y no existe investigación sobre el desarrollo de materiales de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Por ello, este estudio se centró en la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera. En primer lugar, analizamos el concepto y las características de las tareas gramaticales, sus ventajas y desventajas, y los efectos esperados al introducir estas tareas en la educación del español en el país. Posteriormente, configuramos el modelo de enseñanza y aprendizaje basado en las tareas gramaticales y analizamos los aspectos a tener en cuenta a la hora de diseñar las tareas correspondientes a cada etapa. Con base en esto, creamos materiales de enseñanza y aprendizaje reales. Esperamos que este estudio sirva como referencia y que se lleven a cabo activamente investigaciones sobre las tareas gramaticales en la educación del español en nuestro país, y que se desarrollen materiales con elementos lingüísticos más diversos.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of ‘individual coaching’ and ‘L2 learning experiences’ on TOEIC learning among low proficiency learners. Among the 194 college students who received classroom coaching, the 23 students who scored 2 to 6 (out of 25) on Simple TOEIC 1 were given three individual coaching sessions. The effect of coaching was quantitatively proven through the independent samples t-test conducted on the scores of Simple TOEIC 1 and Simple TOEIC 2 between the individual coaching mixed group and the classroom coaching only group. The more individual coaching participants had different types of L2 learning experiences, the more their English achievement improved. In contrast, students who participated in classroom coaching only saw their academic performance decline. During individual coaching, participants who improved their English language achievement had positive learning experiences and feelings (confidence), while those who did not improve their grades experienced negative learning experiences and feelings. The clearer each participant’s learning goals (ideal L2 self) were, the more specific and continuous learning was possible, which was linked to improved English language achievement. Qualitative data from individual coaching sessions revealed the reasons for some participants’ academic success or failure.

This study analyzes students’ use of ChatGPT prompts to explore its potential as a supplementary feedback tool in English writing classes. Thirty-one pre-service teachers participated and were divided into high, middle, and low groups based on their self-evaluation, standardized test scores, and essay scores prior to receiving ChatGPT feedback. The data sources included their two essays, ChatGPT prompts, questionnaires, and transcripts from the second writing conference. The ChatGPT prompts and questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the writing conference transcripts were examined to understand the participants’ use of prompts. The results showed participants used prompts 40 times in the first assignment and 175 times in the second assignment. The average prompt usage increased from 1.5 times in the first assignment to 6.7 times in the second assignment. In terms of students’ levels, the high group used more prompts (5.58 times) than the middle (5 times) and the low groups (1.75 times). Notably, students who used ChatGPT commands five times or more were mostly from the high and middle groups. Differences in prompt usage patterns were also identified, with the high and middle groups engaging in more continuous and interactive conversations with ChatGPT. Students expressed satisfaction with ChatGPT’s feedback, particularly in vocabulary selection, grammar correction, and sentence generation.

The forms and demands of language learning are changing in the pandemic era. Learners no longer rely solely on a formal language curriculum. Instead, they are using various informal language learning (ILL) channels. Although informal language learning has been in the spotlight and is growing, more research on ILL is needed. In this study, ILL taking place through an online community was analyzed. Articles from the Korean learning community (r/Korean in Reddit) were collected, and the topic modeling technique, Latent Dirichlet Allocation, was conducted on the collected data. As a result, seven major topics were selected. The most common topics in all posts were issues faced by beginner learners, followed by vocabulary and sentence meanings, interest in Chinese characters and applications of Korean language skills, culture and daily life, translation, online learning materials, and Korean phonics. Through this, the interests of ILL learners and the characteristics of learners could be identified. Due to the nature of ILL, in which a formal curriculum does not exist, it was found that questions about general strategies for learning and questions that could not be solved in formal language education were most prominent. In addition, the characteristics of ILL learners who actively sought learning content and materials were also found.

Le nouveau programme d'enseignement du français de 2015 encourage le développement de la créativité et du caractère des apprenants. Le but de cette étude est d'explorer les moyens de développer la créativité et le caractère des lycéens qui apprennent la langue française comme deuxième langue étrangère en Corée. Nous avons d'abord examiné la situation actuelle et quelques problèmes de l'enseignement du français qui entravent le développement de la créativité et du caractère. Cette analyse nous amène donc à exploiter le travail en petit groupe et l'apprentissage par les tâches. Ensuite, nous avons examiné la notion de tâche actionnelle qui remplace celle de tâche communicative. La tâche actionnelle fournit un contexte, une raison « sociale » pour acquérir une langue. Elle est une série d'activités complexes et authentiques qui aboutit à un produit final, destiné à être présenté oralement et/ou par écrit, et donc adressée à un public réel. Enfin, nous avons proposé une tâche actionnelle sur le thème du logement. L'enseignement du français par les tâches actionnelles permet aux apprenants de développer une pensée créative et la diversité avec plus d'occasion de s'exprimer. Et ils peuvent aussi avoir des responsabilités et de la considération pour les autres en interagissant les uns des autres afin d'atteindre l'objectif commun du groupe.

The study examines the current problems with which the nation’s second foreign languages(SFL) education today faces and suggests the recommendations for SFL policy. Assumíng that SFL is at risk, the study warns that SFL policy has failed to recognize the importance of SFL and so gives less attention to factors that are required for improving the quality of SFL. The maín reasons for the crisís of SFL, the study says. seem to be the lack of giving efforts to improvement for SFL and the policy. makers' failure to provide the SFL improvement plans (e.g., focusing on expanding the aspect of quantity with respect to the SFL without considering that of quality or making the SFL electives for the ColIege Scholastic Ability Test). Based on the problems identified in the study. a couple of recommendations are suggested as follow. The SFL shou1d be offered as common courses for a11 and thus high schoo1 graduates take SFL subjects as the compu[sory in the College Scholastic Ability Tests. Teaching methods and materials for the SFL should be improved and developed. Particularly for the effective SFL, it should be free from the textbooks only classroom teaching-learning situation and lots of up-to-date curricular materials and laboratory apparatus should be developed .