Two kinds of mesocarbon microbeads (MCMBs) with different chemical composition have been synthesized. The MCMBs were molded and heat treated at temperatures above 2000 °C to obtain graphite blocks. The effects of chemical composition of MCMBs on the pore morphology, carbon texture and thermal properties of the derived graphite blocks have been explored. The pore morphology was investigated by small angle X-ray scattering technique and a graphitization-induced morphology transition was observed. When the graphitic crystallite size exceeded a threshold value, the association of crystallites and migration of randomly distributed pores took place extensively. For the graphite blocks made of MCMBs which had light components with higher aromaticity value, the growth of crystallites caused a significant enhancement in thermal conductivity for the specimens. However, for the other kind of MCMBs, their light components tended to form solid porous carbon texture after graphitization, and the thermal conductivity coefficients of their graphite blocks could only increase slightly as crystallites grew. It was suggested that the thermal resistance at the granule’s boundary became noticeable in the latter case and thus the growth of thermal conductivity coefficients was prominently hindered.

The main objective of the research was to deposit thin films of silver on a graphite carbon paste in a phosphate buffer medium using an electrochemical method. To construct a nitrofurazone detection sensor that is highly sensitive. Different manufacturing parameters, such as electrodeposition potential, pH effect, potential scan rate effect, and number of scan cycles, were examined in this section. The parameters were optimized to improve the deposited silver layers various electrocatalytic characteristics. The Nitrofurazone reduction process is diffusion controlled, as seen by the linear variation of Epc with log(v). The constructed Ag-NPs@CPE electrod has excellent electrical characteristics a large active surface area and low background with extremely high electrical conductivity, according to structural and electrochemical characterizations such as Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cyclic voltammetry. The constructed sensor has a very remarkable analytical performance for nitrofurazone molecule identification, with a very low detection limit of about 10– 8 M. The detection of nitrofurazone using our Ag-NPs@CPE sensors in real samples contaminated with the antibiotic nitrofurazone, such as tap water and urine. In the selected sample, the electroanalytical findings reveal a very satisfactory recovery rate of more than 94 percent.

The use of recycled materials, such as the fine recycled aggregate made from concrete waste and carbon fiber (CF) product of industrial waste, for the manufacture of conductive recycled mortars (CRM), transforms the mortar base cement normally made with cement:sand in a sustainable multifunctional material, conferring satisfactory mechanical and electrical properties for non-structural uses. This action provides ecological benefits, reducing the use of natural fine aggregates from rivers and the amount of concrete waste deposited in landfills resulting from construction waste. In this investigation the effect of the addition of CF on electrical properties in hardened, wet and dry state, electric percolation in dry state and fluidity of the wet mixture of a cement based CRM was evaluated: fine recycled aggregate: graphite powder, CRM specimens with dimensions of 4 × 4 × 16 cm. were manufactured for 3, 7 and 28 days of age and sand/cement ratios = 1.00, graphite/cement = 1.00, water/cement = 0.60 and CF = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0% compared to the weight of cement. The results demonstrated the effect of the addition of CF in CRM, reducing fluidity of the mixtures due to the opposition generated by its physical interaction of CF with recycled sand or recycled fine aggregate and graphite powder (GP), in its case, placing the electric percolation percolation at 0.30% and 0.45% of CF for CRM with and without GP, respectively. Increases in electrical conductivity (EC) without the presence of GP are defined by the contact between the CF and the conductive paths formed. In contrast, with the presence of GP, the EC is defined by the contact between the CF and the GP simultaneously, forming conductive routes with greater performance in its EC.

Accurate and effective powder compaction analyses are performed for brittle materials such as graphite, utilized as a solid lubricant, by using the discrete element method (DEM). The reliability of the DEM analysis is confirmed by comparing the results of graphite powder compaction analyses using the DEM particle bonding contact model and particle non-bonding contact model with those from the powder compaction experiment under the same conditions. To improve the characteristics, the parameters influencing the compaction properties of the metal-graphite mixtures are explored. The compressibility increases as the size distribution of the graphite powder increases, where the shape of the graphite particles is uniform. The improved compaction characteristics of the metal-graphite (bonding model) mixtures are further verified by the stress transmission and compressive force distribution between the top and bottom punches. It is confirmed that the application of graphite (bonding model) powders resulted in improved stress transmission and compressive force distribution of 24% and 85%, respectively.

In this paper, a durability study is presented to enhance the mechanical properties of an Fe-Si-Al powderbased magnetic core, through the addition of graphite. The compressive properties of Fe-Si-Al-graphite powder mixtures are explored using discrete element method (DEM), and a powder compaction experiment is performed under identical conditions to verify the reliability of the DEM analysis. Important parameters for powder compaction of Fe-Si-Algraphite powder mixtures are identified. The compressibility of the powders is observed to increase as the amount of graphite mixture increases and as the size of the graphite powders decreases. In addition, the compaction properties of the Fe-Si-Al-graphite powder mixtures are further explored by analyzing the transmissibility of stress between the top and bottom punches as well as the distribution of the compressive force. The application of graphite powders is confirmed to result in improved stress transmission and compressive force distribution, by 24% and 51%, respectively.

In this work, the electrical explosion of wire in liquid and subsequent spark plasma sintering (SPS) was introduced for the fabrication of Ni-graphite nanocomposites. The fabricated composite exhibited good enhancements in mechanical properties, such as yield strength and hardness, but reduced the ductility in comparison with that of nickel. The as-synthesized Ni-graphite (5 vol.% graphite) nanocomposite exhibited a compressive yield strength of 275 MPa (about 1.6 times of SPS-processed monolithic nickel ~170 MPa) and elongation to failure ~22%. The hardness of Nigraphite composite had a value of 135.46 HV, which is about 1.3 times higher than that of pure SPS-processed Ni (105.675 HV). In terms of processing, this work demonstrated that this processing route is a novel, simple, and low-cost method for the synthesis of nickel-graphite composites.

In this study, a finite element analysis approach is proposed to predict the fluid-structure interaction behavior of active materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which are mainly composed of graphite powder. The porous matrix of graphite powder saturated with fluid electrolyte is considered a representative volume element (RVE) model. Three different RVE models are proposed to consider the uncertainty of the powder shape and the porosity. Pwave modulus from RVE solutions are analyzed based on the microstructure and the interaction between the fluid and the graphite powder matrix. From the results, it is found that the large surface area of the active material results in low mechanical properties of LIB, which leads to poor structural durability when subjected to dynamic loads. The results obtained in this study provide useful information for predicting the mechanical safety of a battery pack.

Ultra-fine zirconium carbide (ZrC) powder with nano-sized primary particles was synthesized by the carbothermal reduction method by using nano-sized and nano-sized graphite powders mixture. The synthesized ZrC powder was well dispersed after simple milling process. After heat-treatment at for 2 h under vacuum, ultra-fine ZrC powder agglomerates (average size, ) were facilely obtained with rounded particle shape and particle size of ~200 nm. Ultra-fine ZrC powder with an average particle size of 316 nm was obtained after ball milling process in a planetary mill for 30 minutes from the agglomerated ZrC powder.

In this study, graphite composites were fabricated by warm press molding method to realize commercialization of PEM fuel cells. Graphite composites have been considered as alternative economic materials for bipolar plate of PEM fuel cells. Graphite powder that enables to provide electrical conductivity was selected as the main substance. The graphite powder was mixed with phenolic resin and the mixture was pressed using a warm press method. First of all, the graphite powder was pulverized with a ball mill for the dense packing of composite. As the ball milling time increases, the average size of particles decreases and the size distribution becomes narrow. This allows for improvement of the uniformity of graphite composite. However, the surface electrical resistivity of graphite composite increases as the ball milling time increases. It is due to that graphite particles with amorphous phase are generated on the surface due to the friction and collision of particles during pulverizing. We found that the contact electrical resistivity of graphite particles increases as the particle size decreases. The contact electrical resistivity of graphite powders was reduced due to high molding pressure by warm press molding. This leads to improvement of the mechanical properties of graphite composite. Hydrogen gas impermeability was measured with the graphite composite, showing a possibility of the application for bipolar plate in fuel cell. And, I-V curves of the graphite composite bipolar plate exhibit a similar performance to the graphite bipolar plate.

Asbestos is being replaced throughout the world among friction materials because of its carcinogenic nature. This has raised an important issue of heat dissipation in the non-asbestos brake pad materials being developed for automobiles etc. It has been found that two of the components i.e. carbon fibres as reinforcement and graphite powder as friction modifier, in the brake pad material, can playa vital role in this direction. The study reports the influence of these modifications on the thermal properties like coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and thermal conductivity along with the mechanical properties of nonasbestos brake pad composite samples developed in the laboratory.

탄소섬유강화 탄소복합재료를 구성하는 탄소매트릭스 프리커서로서 또는 함침제로서 사용되는 퍼퓨릴알콜의 열안전성과 탄소수율에 2000˚C에서 열처리한 흑연분말과 함침 후 경화시 승온속도가 미치는 영향을 열분석방법을 이용하여 조사하였다. 퍼퓨릴알콜에 30wt%의 흑연분말을 첨가하였을 때와 동시에 승온속도가 분당 35˚C일 때 퍼퓨릴알콜/흑연분말 혼합물은 가장 높은 열안정성을 보여주었으며, 흑연분말을 사용하지 않은 경우보다 1000˚C이상에서의 탄소수율이 10%이상 향상되었다. 이러한 결과는 탄소복합재료의 밀도화에 수반되는 탄화→함침→경화→재탄화 반복공정의 횟수를 줄이는데 다소 기여할 것으로 판단되었다.