We present a novel method that can enhance the detection success rate of interstellar objects. Interstellarobjects are objects that are not gravitationally bound to our solar system and thus are believed to haveoriginated from other planetary systems. Since the nding of two interstellar objects, 1l/`Oumuamua in2017 and 2l/Borisov in 2019, much attention has been paid to nding new interstellar objects. In thispaper, we propose the use of Heliospheric Imagers (HIs) for the survey of interstellar objects. In particular,we show HI data taken from Solar TErrestrial RElation Observatory/Sun Earth Connection Coronal andHeliospheric Investigation and demonstrate their ability to detect `Oumuamua-like interstellar objects. HIs are designed to monitor and study space weather by observing the solar wind traveling throughinterplanetary space. HIs provide the day-side observations and thus it can dramatically enlarge theobservable sky range when combined with the traditional night-side observations. In this paper, we rstreview previous methods for detecting interstellar objects and demonstrate that HIs can be used for thesurvey of interstellar objects.

Since interstellar objects like 1I/`Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov originate from exoplanetary systems, evenif we do not visit the exoplanetary systems,yby, rendezvous, and sample return missions of interstellarobjects can provide clues to solve the mysteries of cosmic life phenomena such as the origin of exoplanetarysystems, galactic evolution, biosignatures (or even technosignatures), and panspermia. In this paper, wereview space missions for interstellar object exploration in the stage of mission design or concept studysuch as Project Lyra, Bridge, Comet Interceptors, and LightcraftTM. We also review space missions,OSIRIS-REx and NEA Scout, designed for Near Earth Asteroids(NEA) explorations, to investigate thecurrent state of basic technologies that can be extended to explore interstellar objects in a velocity of~ 6AU/year. One of the technologies that needs to be developed for interstellar object exploration is aspacecraft propulsion method such as solar sail, which can catch up with the fast speed of interstellarobjects. If this kind of propulsion becomes practical for space explorations, interstellar object explorationswill mark a new era and serve as a driving force to provide evidences of cosmic life.

A wide spectral coverage from near-infrared (NIR) to far-infrared (FIR) of AKARI both for imaging and spectroscopy enables us to eciently study the emission from gas and dust in the interstellar medium (ISM). In particular, the Infrared Camera (IRC) onboard AKARI oers a unique opportunity to carry out sensitive spectroscopy in the NIR (2{5 m) for the rst time from a spaceborn telescope. This spectral range contains a number of important dust bands and gas lines, such as the aromatic and aliphatic emission bands at 3.3 and 3.4{3.5 m, H2O and CO2 ices at 3.0 and 4.3 m, CO, H2, and HI gas emission lines. In this paper we concentrate on the aromatic and aliphatic emission and ice absorption features. The balance between dust supply and destruction suggests signicant dust processing taking place as well as dust formation in the ISM. Detailed analysis of the aromatic and aliphatic bands of AKARI observations for a number of Hii regions and Hii region-like objects suggests processing of carbonaceous dust in the ISM. The ice formation process can also be studied with IRC NIR spectroscopy eciently. In this review, dust processing in the ISM divulged by recent analysis of AKARI data is discussed.

The traditional view of dust in the interstellar medium is that it is made of graphite and silicates. In this paper, we discuss the evidence for complex organics being a major component of interstellar dust. Comparison between astronomical infrared spectra and laboratory spectra of amorphous carbonaceous materials suggests that organics of mixed aromatic-aliphatic structures are widely present in circumstellar, interstellar, and galactic environments. Scenarios for the synthesis of these compounds in the late stages of stellar evolution are presented.

Observed spectra of stars around the Sun have indicated that the Sun is located in a gas cavity, extending to 100pc. This gas cavity is called the "Local Bubble". The density of the interstellar medium (ISM) in the local bubble is about one tenth that of the average for the ISM in the Milky Way. Furthermore, some structures such as gas planes and strings in the local bubble are probably the result of supernovae. These, due to their low temperatures, can not be observed in the visible and infrared. The only way to do so is to measure the spectra of nearby stars so that the light of stars passing through the local bubble is absorbed by existing gas and the resulting spectral lines from absorption can be measured. In this study, we use binary stars to trace the local bubble structures through lines such as the Na I Doublet. First, we determined the observed spectral lines of stars by HARPS and FEROS echelle spectrographs. Then, we made synthetic spectra with the ATLAS9 code. Finally, the difference between the observational and synthetic spectra confirms the existence of the Na I Doublet in the local ISM.

<인터스텔라>의 서사에서 과학은 중요한 역할을 한다. 과학으로 망가진 지구 를 구하려고 새로운 과학을 기대하는 내용뿐만 아니라 영화 자체가 과학적으로 엄밀하게 기획, 제작되었다. C. S. 루이스의 침묵의 행성 밖에서 는 기독교 관 점에서 쓰인 반과학적 SF 소설이다. 주인공 랜섬이 미친 과학자들에 의해 화성 으로 납치되어 희생물로 바쳐질 뻔한 이야기에서 루이스는 20세기 초 유행했던 과학만능주위를 알레고리라는 장치를 통해 호되게 비판한다. 두 작품은 과학에 대해 완전히 다른 입장을 취하고 있지만 우주에 대한 묘사는 유사하다. 루이스 의 우주는 웰즈와 같은 당대의 SF 작가들이 상상한 무섭거나 차갑지 않고 중세 인들의 우주처럼 밝고 따스하다. 놀란의 블랙홀은 빛도 벗어날 수 없는 무자비 하고 칠흑 같은 감옥이 아니라 모든 시간과 공간을 관통한 의사소통이 가능한 곳이다. 이 유사한 우주의 묘사를 통해 본 논문은 과학이 지배하는 현대사회에 서 종교가 살아남을 수 있는 가능성을 엿보려한다. 종교뿐만 아니라 과학도 세 계를 이해하는 방식은 해석이다. 비록 과학이 자연이 들려주는 이야기를 더 잘 들을 수 있을지라도 과학 역시 해석을 통해서만 자연을 이해할 수 있다.