Background: Despite muscle latency times and patterns were used as broad examination tools to diagnose disease and recovery, previous studies have not compared the dominant arm to the non-dominant arm in muscle latency time and muscle recruitment patterns during reaching and reach-to-grasp movements. Objects: The present study aimed to investigate dominant and non-dominant hand differences in muscle latency time and recruitment pattern during reaching and reach-to-grasp movements. In addition, by manipulating the speed of movement, we examined the effect of movement speed on neuromuscular control of both right and left hands. Methods: A total of 28 right-handed (measured by Edinburgh Handedness Inventory) healthy subjects were recruited. We recorded surface electromyography muscle latency time and muscle recruitment patterns of four upper extremity muscles (i.e., anterior deltoid, triceps brachii, flexor digitorum superficialis, and extensor digitorum) from each left and right arm. Mixed-effect linear regression was used to detect differences between hands, reaching and reach-to-grasp, and the fast and preferred speed conditions. Results: There were no significant differences in muscle latency time between dominant and non-dominant hands or reaching and reach-to-grasp tasks (p>.05). However, there was a significantly longer muscle latency time in the preferred speed condition than the fast speed condition on both reaching and reach-to-grasp tasks (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings showed similar muscle latency time and muscle activation patterns with respect to movement speeds and tasks. Our findings hope to provide normative muscle physiology data for both right and left hands, thus aiding the understanding of the abnormal movements from patients and to develop appropriate rehabilitation strategies specific to dominant and non-dominant hands.

The minimum latency problem, also known as the traveling repairman problem and the deliveryman problem is to minimize the overall waiting times of customers, not to minimize their routing times. In this research, a genetic algorithm, a clonal selection algorithm and a population management genetic algorithm are introduced. The computational experiment shows the objective value of the clonal selection algorithm is the best among the three algorithms and the calculating time of the population management genetic algorithm is the best among the three algorithms.

일인칭 슈팅게임 제작에서 네트워크 지연 보정은 게임 플레이에 직접적으로 영향을 주기 때문에 이를 효과적으로 해결하기 위한 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 이 연구는 예측과 시간 조작 기술을 이용하여 게임 캐릭터와 총알 등의 고속 발사체간의 자연스러운 상호작용의 처리에 초점이 맞추어져 있다. 반면, 일인칭 슈팅게임에서 저속 발사체는 발사시점에서 저속 발사체의 궤도가 정해지고 일정 시간이 지나면 폭발하는 형태로 구현되어 저속 발사체의 지연 보정을 위한 연구가 없었다. 본 논문에서는 이제껏 다루어지지 않았던 저속 발사체를 중심으로 일인칭 슈팅게임에서 효과적인 네트워크 지연보정방법을 제안한다. 저속 발사체의 위치정보의 보정을 위하여 저속 발사체의 형태를 발사 이후 발사체의 움직임에 영향을 주는 요소에 따라 세 가지로 나누어 각각의 보정방법을 제안한다. 그리고 저속 발사체의 충돌정보의 보정을 위하여 두 가지로 나누어 보정방법을 제안하고 마지막으로 게임을 제작하여 검증한다.

This study based on the hypothesis which the spatial qualities in the Mies's early works are not extinct but potentially immanent in his latter works. In Mies's early works, destruction of outline, centrifugal extension of fluid space, and asymmetry are distinctly showed. These qualities probably revert to the indefiniteness of space. In Mies's latter works, however, these dynamic qualities are disappeared. Geometrically precise outline and exact grid structure represent universal space derived from zero-degree pure box. These qualities probably revert to tile definiteness of space, characterized by the unmovable emptiness. Although Mies works vary in external form, his expression technique of space reveals continually both the qualify of definitive and indefinitive space. For example, in the Museum for a Small City(1942) unbuilt project. elements defined by the perspective are fixed and static, but elements defined by the collages are floated and dynamic. The former reigns over the realized buildings of Mies, while the latter seems to be latent in terms of Schein which transcends reality. If we can penetrate this point, it's possible to read the other side of Mies' architectural works, distinct from both the canonized interpretation and the excessive criticism. Point is that later works of Mies must be understood as interplay of universal space appeared as phenomenon and flowing elements latent in. Architectural space of Mies keeps a distance with actual space through latent manner of being while preserves the empirical actuality It provides us with an occasion which appears only in an instant, in which even the ordinary things reveal its poetics.

The present study aimed at investigating the effects of collaborative work between Korean EFL university students and international foreign students on Intercultural Communicative Competence. Twenty four students (14 Korean students and 10 international students) participated in this research. Chen and Starosta’s (2000) intercultural sensitivity scale was implemented with Paradigm Software to measure the participants’ resolution latency time while they were responding to the survey. The results demonstrated that two groups showed significant differences in the areas of respect for cultural difference and interaction confidence. Also, apart from the response value, the analysis of resolution latency time showed other aspects of participants’ cognitive level of intercultural sensitivity. Thus, this study indicates that a multi-round analysis can give a more in-depth insight beyond the mean value of the survey’s response.