음식물류폐기물의 퇴비화는 경제적인 자원화 방법이지만, 염분함량이 높아 토양에 투입될 경우 염류집적으로 인한 작물 생육 피해가 우려된다. 바이오차는 양이온교환능력이 높은 물질로 염분피해가 우려되는 토양에 적용 시 Na+이온을 흡착하여 작물생육 피해를 줄여줄 것으로 생각된다. 이에 본 연구는 바이오차와 혼합하여 제조한 음식물류폐기물 혼합 펠렛 퇴비(이하, 음폐혼합펠렛퇴비) 사용 시 배추 생육과 토양에 미치는 영향을 평가하고 이에 따른 무기질비료 절감 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 처리구는 무비구(NF), 무기질비료 반량(NPK0.5), 무기질비료(NPK), 무기질비료+ 음폐퇴비(FWC), 무기질비료+음폐혼합펠렛퇴비(FWCB)이다. 배추 생육조사 결과, FWCB처리구에서 엽장, 엽폭, 구고 및 구폭 모두 가장 높았다. 수량조사 결과 8,300 kg 10a-1로 가장 높게 나타났으며, NPK처리구에 비해 무기질비료를 50% 사용하였으나 수량은 13.6% 높게 나타났다. 토양화학 성 결과 FWCB에서 EC는 0.59 ds m-1, 교환성 Na은 0.35 cmolc kg-1으로 다른처리구보다 높게 나타났으나 적정범위 이내였다. 본 연구결과, 음폐혼합펠릿퇴비의 사용은 작물의 양분 및 유기물공급 뿐만 아니라 바이오차로 인한 양이온 고정 효과로 작물 생산성을 향상시키는 것으로 생각되며, 비료성분의 공급원으로써 배추의 생육 및 생산성을 증진할 수 있는 기술로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

This study evaluated the ecotoxicological properties of livestock waste water treated by a LID (Low Impact Development) system, using a mixture of bio-reeds and bio-ceramics as suitable bed media for a subsequent treatment process of a livestock wastewater treatment plant. The relationship between the pollutant reduction rate and the ecotoxicity was analyzed with the effluents from the inlet pilot plant, with vegetated swale and wetlands and the batch type of an infiltration trench. Each pilot plant consisted of a bio process using bio-reeds and bioceramics as bed media, as well as a general process using general reeds and a bed as a control group. The results indicated that, after applying the HRT 24 hour LID method, the ecotoxicity was considerably lowered and the batch type pilot plant was shown to be effective for toxicity reduction. The LID method is expected to be effective for water quality management, considering ecotoxicity by not only as a nonpoint source pollution abatement facility but also, as a subsequent treatment process linked with a livestock manure purification facility. It is necessary to take the LID technic optimization study further to apply it as a subsequent process for livestock wastewater treatment.

We carried out basic study on the major odor substances from livestock waste treatment plant to design high efficiency offensive odor treatment facility. We choose Y and G-treatment plants and measured each samples from pre-treatment facility, water treatment facility, sludge treatment facility and offensive odor treatment facility. The odor was mainly produced from pre-treatment facility from above measurements. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide was very high as 1,200 ppm from impurity treatment facility. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide was detected as 100 ppm in waste water treatment facility(aeration facility and head) and 160∼252 ppm in sludgy treatment facility (retaining facility and scum tank). The offensive odor treatment facility was composed of washing tower using NaOCl as washing material and bio-filter. Efficiency of the offensive odor treatment facility on the hydrogen sulfide was 5∼33% and the efficiency on the ammonia was low except Y-treatment facility’s vortex mixer washing tower which is 98%. Reduction efficiency of hydrogen sulfide was increased from 14.7% to 96.3% by changing washing material, NaOH, at Y-treatment facility’s vortex mixer washing tower.

Livestock manure treatments have become a more serious problem because massive environmental pollutions such as green and red tides caused by non-point pollution sources from livestock manures have emerged as a serious social issue. In addition, more food wastes are being produced due to population growth and increased income level. Since the London Convention has banned the ocean dumping of wastes, some other waste treatment methods for land disposal had to be developed and applied. At the same time, researches have been conducted to develop alternative energy sources from various types of wastes. As a result, anaerobic digestion as a waste treatment method has become an attractive solution. In this study has three objectives: first, to identify the physical properties of the mixture of livestock wastewater and food waste when combining food waste treatment with the conventional livestock manure treatment based on anaerobic mesophilic digestion; second, to find the ideal ratio of waste mixture that could maximize the collection efficiency of methane (CH4) from the anaerobic digestion process; and third, to promote CH4 production by comparing the biodegradability. As a result of comparing the reactors R1, R2, and R3, each containing a mixture of food waste and livestock manure at the ratio of 5:5, 7:3, and 3:7, respectively, R2 showed the optimum treatment efficiencies for the removal of Total Solids (TS) and Volatile Solids (VS), CH4 production, and biodegradability.

Livestock manure treatments have become a more serious problem because massive environmental pollutions such as green and red tides caused by non-point pollution sources from livestock manures have emerged as a serious social issue. In addition, more food wastes are being produced due to population growth and increased income level. Since the London Convention has banned the ocean dumping of wastes, some other waste treatment methods for land disposal had to be developed and applied. At the same time, researches have been conducted to develop alternative energy sources from various types of wastes. As a result, anaerobic digestion as a waste treatment method has become an attractive solution. In this study has three objectives: first, to identify the physical properties of the mixture of livestock wastewater and food waste when combining food waste treatment with the conventional livestock manure treatment based on anaerobic mesophilic digestion; second, to find the ideal ratio of waste mixture that could maximize the collection efficiency of methane (CH4) from the anaerobic digestion process; and third, to promote CH4 production by comparing the biodegradability. As a result of comparing the reactors R1, R2, and R3, each containing a mixture of food waste and livestock manure at the ratio of 5:5, 7:3, and 3:7, respectively, R2 showed the optimum treatment efficiencies for the removal of Total Solids (TS) and Volatile Solids (VS), CH4 production, and biodegradability.

Food waste, food leachate and livestock wastes from an usual farm and a farm using much disinfectant were mixed to incubate within anaerobic serum bottle for BMP test. The methane yield rate and lag phase were determined by the modified Gompertz model and the Logistic model. The maximum methane yield rates by the modified Gompertz model were 15.9 ~ 41.0 mL CH4/g VS and higher than by the Logistic model. The modified Gompertz model was more appropriate than the Logistic model to have higher determination coefficient R2. The methane fermentation of mix with sole livestock waste from the farm using much disinfectant had ninefold lag phase and 40% or lower maximum yield rate comparing with the mix with sole usual livestock waste. The methane yield rate from a tonne of mix was increased as the ratio of food waste and food leachate increased. The cumulative methane yield was in the proportion of 40 m3 to a tonne of food wastes. The results of BMP test were analyzed by a response surface methodology (RSM) and modelized to a binomial expression, which was verified by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and to be appropriate for this case.

This study was conducted to investigate the removal characteristics of PO4 3- -P contained in livestock wastewater using waste concrete. With small particle size, increased dosage and temperature of water, PO4 3- -P was well removed by waste concrete. PO4 3- -P was removed by adsorption reaction in low pH of the primary phase, but the crystallization reaction predominated for increasing pH with passed time. As a result of adapting the adsorption isotherm equation, PO4 3- -P removal was more affected by the crystallization reaction than the adsorption reaction. In the SEM micrograph, there was no evident change on the waste concrete surface. Particle size was plate-phase before reaction but appeared a dense form to progress in the crystallization reaction after reaction.