This paper systematically reviews the academic achievements, core theories and methodologies of Françoise Bottéro, a French sinologist, in the field of oracle bone inscription studies. In contrast to her widely recognized research on Shuowen Jiezi, Bottéro’s work on oracle bone inscriptions has received relatively insufficient attention. This paper analyzes her research from multiple perspectives, including her research stance, typological construction, studies of graphic variants, and views on the origin of Chinese characters. Bottéro insisted on a linguistically oriented approach, opposing the simplistic classification of oracle bone inscriptions as “pictographic writing” and emphasizing their essential nature as a symbolic system for recording language. Her use of terminology reflects a sophisticated understanding of the multi-dimensionality of writing. Her typological system of oracle bone characters divides graphs into five categories: pictographs, phonetic markers, abstract graphs, compound graphs, and graphic variants, which transcends the traditional Liushu framework. Through an in-depth analysis of “compound graphs”, she reveals the unique coding logic by which oracle bone inscriptions coin verbs and abstract concepts through symbolic combination. Her systematic research on graphic variants in oracle bone inscriptions represents a prominent contribution. She summarizes nine types of synchronic graphic variation and argues that the existence of such variants reflects the lack of standardization in the oracle bone script system. Meanwhile, the increasing use of phonetic components indicates the trend toward phonosemantic compound formation, a key evolutionary direction that would later dominate the development of Chinese characters. In addition, this paper evaluates her reinterpretation of the function and textual nature of oracle bone inscriptions, in which she regards them as complete, readable texts recording spoken language. Nevertheless, this paper also points out the limitations of her research, particularly her discourse on the origin of Chinese characters. Her skepticism toward the Neolithic origin of Chinese characters and her inclination toward the “Western origin theory of Chinese characters” bear the mark of Eurocentrism, failing to fully consider archaeological evidence and the complexity of the independent evolution of civilizations. In summary, this paper holds that Bottéro’s research has provided an important linguistic analytical framework for oracle bone studies. At the same time, it advocates that future research should adopt a critical perspective while absorbing her theoretical achievements, so as to promote an in-depth dialogue between Chinese and Western scholarship on an equal footing.

PURPOSES : In Korea, concrete pavements with transverse tining, which have excellent skid resistance, have been mainly constructed to secure road bearing capacity and safety. However, transverse tining has higher noise level of approximately 4-5 dB(A) compared with asphalt pavement. As a method to determine low-noise characteristics of concrete pavements, the fine-size exposed aggregate concrete pavement (EACP) has been studied in Korea and abroad. The surface of EACPs consists of exposed coarse aggregates and 2-3 mm removal surface mortar. EACPs have the advantages of maintaining low-noise and adequate skid-resistance levels during the performance period. Although EACPs have been widely studied to reduce noise, quantitative noise analysis with various paving methods has not been performed owing to differences in mixture proportioning, construction conditions, environmental conditions, and measurement methods. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the low-noise characteristics of fine-size EACPs by comparing noise with various paving methods, including concrete and asphalt pavements. METHODS: In this study, noise data were collected to quantitatively analyze the low-noise characteristics of EACPs compared with various paving methods such as transverse tining, longitudinal tining, SMA, and HMA. RESULTS: The evaluation of the low-noise characteristics of EACPs compared with transverse tining showed that the relative noise of 13 mm EACP with transverse tining was reduced by approximately 2% at 60 km/h, 4% at 80 km/h, and 5% at 100 km/h. The relative noise of 10 mm EACP with transverse tining was reduced to 3%, 7%, and 8% at 50 km/h, 80 km/h, and 100 km/h, respectively. In addition, it was confirmed that the noise of 10 mm EACP was similar to that of asphalt pavement. CONCLUSIONS : It was confirmed that EACP using 10 mm coarse aggregates generates lower noise than that using 13 mm coarse aggregates. Therefore, the use of coarse aggregates smaller than 10 mm needs to be considered to improve the low-noise effect of EACP.