Perceived risk associated with online shopping has a critical effect on consumer decision making. Cultural values provide a good theoretical basis for understanding perceived risk. Given the rapid globalization of online shopping, an understanding of the mechanism of perceived online shopping risk and consumer repurchase intention in different cultures is crucial. The research question furnishing the main impetus for this study is: What are the different effects of various determinants of perceived risk in the context of online clothing shopping. We will study this question through the lens of Chinese and French cultural differences. A total of 195 and 221 questionnaires used for the analysis were collected from Chinese and French respondents respectively. Structural equation models with the maximum likelihood estimation method were employed to test all the hypothesized relationships. The research produced the following findings. Privacy concerns, security protection, and website retailer reputation have different effects (too large) on consumer perception of non-personal risk and personal risk as a result of cultural differences. Additionally, for both the Chinese and French samples, non-personal perceived risk significantly effects intention to repurchase. We found personal perceived risk has a significant effect only on Chinese consumer intention to repurchase.

This study examines how environmental consciousness and socially responsible clothing consumption attitude influence people's perceptions of the consequences of fast fashion. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey administered to females in their 20s to 40s, and a total of 430 surveys were used in the final analysis. The research results are as follows. First, environmental consciousness-which was conceptualized as interest in consumer effectiveness and the environment-had a positive influence on attitudes toward socially responsible clothing consumption attitude, i.e., clothing recycling and resource conservation. As the perception of consumer effectiveness was high, respondents had a tendency not to follow trends. Second, consumers with a high level of interest in the environment perceived the effect of fast fashion on the environment as serious, and they felt negatively toward personal use of fast fashion. Third, consumers with strong resource conservation behavior perceived the effect of fast fashion on the environment as serious, but those with positive attitudes toward secondhand clothing did not appear to have that perception. Finally, consumers who followed trends and those with weakly held attitudes about resource conservation felt positively toward personal use of fast fashion. The results of this research indicate that environmental consciousness is an important factor for socially responsible clothing consumption behavior. In addition, consumers with strong attitudes regarding resource conservation were more perceptive of the negative effect of fast fashion on the environment.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how menu quality, human · amenity service quality, perceived risk affected quality · price menu value, social · emotion menu value and how quality · price menu value and social · emotion menu value influenced satisfaction. Also this study investigated how satisfaction affected loyalty. The model was tested in hotel restaurants settings of five-star hotels using a sample of customers visiting and enjoying menus in Daegu metropolitan city and Gyeongju city. Empirical results confirmed that not only do menu quality and human · amenity service quality increase quality · price menu value and social · emotion menu value but that perceived risk reduces social · emotion menu value. It was also found that significant antecedents of satisfaction were quality · price menu value and social · emotion menu value. Also, loyalty was also found to be a significant consequences of satisfaction.