The usages of ‘making apathy’ with the expression of positive treatment in the Japanese language and its factors were reviewed and analyzed in this study. ‘Making apathy’ with multiple expressions of positive treatment was used in a variety of personal relationships, and the factors of these linguistic behaviors could be classified mainly into two things; ‘making apathy to empathize the expression intention’ and ‘making apathy to show the expression intention unclearly.’ Out of these two, ‘making apathy to empathize the expression intention’ appeared more frequently, which could be considered the communication of perfect negative treatment not to aim a harmonious personal relationship with partners. On the other hand, ‘apathy expression to empathize the expression intention’ was used less frequently, which could be considered the negative treatment communication to maintain a harmonious relationship with partners to some extent. In terms of expression types, both ‘the things that can understand the expression intention just from the expression itself’ and ‘the things that can understand only if the context is understood’ were used variously.

The functional cardiovascular system is comprised of distinct mesoderm-derived lineages including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and other mesenchymal cells. Recent studies in the human embryonic stem cell differentiation model have provided evidence indicating that these cell lineages are developed from the common progenitors such as hemangioblasts and cardiovascular progenitor cells. Also, the studies have suggested that these progenitors have a common primordial progenitor, which expresses KDR (human Flk-1, also known as VEGFR2, CD309). We demonstrate here that sustained activation of BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) in hESC line, CHA15 hESC results in KDR+ mesoderm specific differentiation. To determine whether the KDR+ population derived from hESCs enhances potential to differentiate along multipotential mesodermal lineages than undifferentiated hESCs, we analyzed the development of the mesodermal cell types in human embryonic stem cell differentiation cultures. In embryoid body (EB) differentiation culture conditions, we identified an increased expression of KDR+ population from BMP4-stimulated hESC-derived EBs. After induction with additional growth factors, the KDR+ population sorted from hESCs-derived EBs displays mesenchymal, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle potential in matrix-coated monolayer culture systems. The populations plated in monolayer cultures expressed increased levels of related markers and exhibit a stable/homologous phenotype in culture terms. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the KDR+ population is stably isolated from CHA15 hESC-derived EBs using BMP4 and growth factors, and sorted KDR+ population can be utilized to generate multipotential mesodermal progenitors in vitro, which can be further differentiated into cardiovascular specific cells.