Chinese tones has always been one of the key and difficult points in teaching Chinese to speakers of other language, therefore, the method of Chinese tones has always been the hot topic and focus in the field of teaching Chinese to speakers of other language too. Scholars have put forward advice and suggestions based on their own teaching practice, some of these methods are helpful in teaching Chinese tones. However, most of them are still relatively abstract and difficult for non-native Chinese learners (hereinafter referred to as “learners”) to learn tones, it is difficult to reach a consensus in the end. In recent years, more and more attentions have been paid to how to enhance learners' perception of tones. So, this paper will also start with strengthening the learners' perception about tones, elaborate that there is a corresponding relationship between the 5 degrees of the Method of Five Degrees Notation and the Numbered Musical Notation 1 (do), 2(re), 3 (mi), 4 (fa), 5 (sol), and put forward a teaching method, which combines the numbered musical notation as the tones' value of the four Chinese tones to sing and read(it is called "The Method of Singing and Reading in Combining the Numbers Musical Notation" in this paper). At the same time, combined with the author's teaching practice，this paper argues that the Method of Singing and Reading in Combining the Numbers Musical Notationand can make learners percept Chinese tones more directly, understand them more easily, and make their learning interest stronger, thus to get a good teaching result.

This paper examined the use of assessment techniques in extensive reading and students’ and teachers’ perceptions on the practice of extensive reading. A total of 232 university students who were placed at different proficiency levels of classes and 13 professors participated in the study by completing a questionnaire. In-depth interviews were carried out with a selected number of student and professor volunteers. Data were analyzed using t-tests to compare two different groups of students. Results revealed that writing short answers and assessments involving discussion with peers and professor were utilized more at the basic level, but students at the basic level reported discussion with peers and professor as the most effective assessment technique. In contrast, at the intermediate level, multiple-choice questions and T/F statements were used more as assessments, but students at the intermediate level reported that writing one’s opinion on themes was the most effective technique. Both groups believed that reading graded readers is helpful in improving reading skills and vocabulary as well as understanding other cultures. Results further revealed that professors preferred to use writing short-answer questions and in-class discussion as assessments on graded readers; however, they responded that a writing task was the most adequate type of assessment. In addition, they reported that graded readers are helpful in improving all language skills and favored the use of graded readers as part of the language program.

교육이 이루어지는 장면에서 평가는 학습의 성취 정도를 측정하는 중요한 일이 다. 평가가 있지 않은 교육은 없다고 해도 과언이 아니다. 한문과 교육과정 영역 중 ‘읽기’ 영역의 평가를 어떻게 할 것인가에 대한 대안이자 방향을 설정하는 것이 이 논문의 핵심이다. 한문과 교육과정에 제시된 읽기의 영역별 내용과 읽기의 평가에 근거하여 평가 의 방향과 실제를 논하고자 한다. 개정 교육과정에서 ‘한문 교육용 기초 한자의 음과 뜻을 알고 쓸 수 있는 능력’과 ‘한문에 대한 기초적인 지식을 익혀 한문 독해 와 언어 생활에 활용하는 능력’을 평가 목표로 하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 소리 내어 읽기, 끊어 읽기, 바르게 풀이하기를 평가 내용으로 하고 있다. 이를 통해 평 가 목표, 평가 내용, 평가 결과의 활용을 정하여 평가의 방향을 제시하였다. 제시한 평가의 방향을 토대로 소리 내어 읽기 3문항, 끊어 읽기 3문항, 풀이하 기 2문항을 예시로 제작하여 현장의 한문 교사가 읽기의 평가를 진행할 때 참고가 되게 하였다. 소리 내어 읽기는 포트폴리오, 단답형, 서술 단답형의 유형으로, 끊어 읽기는 단답형, 완성형 유형으로, 풀이하기는 단답형, 자기 평가 보고서법 유형 으로 출제하였다. 차후 읽기의 평가에서 ‘풀이하기’와 관련한 다양한 평가 방법이 연구되어야 하 겠다. ‘풀이하기’가 읽기의 교육에서 가장 중요한 비중을 차지하기 때문이다. 다양 한 평가의 방법은 읽기뿐만이 아니라 한문 능력 신장이라는 한문과의 궁극적인 목표를 달성하는데 중요한 역할을 할 것이다

The goal of this study is to investigate EFL readers’ use of critical reading when they read texts. Focusing only on understanding the propositional meaning of a text influences the pedagogy of EFL in that students accept textual knowledge via the teacher as the authorized version of truth and what counts as knowledge so that they are also brainwashed by the ideology of these texts; all texts include a certain ideology because language is not neutral. However, there is also a presupposition that critical reading is merely an additional level tacked onto mainstream literacy education and mainstream discourse analysis. Critical reading practice in this study is an adaptation of Fairclough’s (1995) critical discourse analysis in which issues of power and control are central to the social theories he builds. This empirical study investigated Korean EFL university students’ use of critical reading enhanced by a qualitative method of data analysis. One of the findings is that the participants were aware that language reflects unequal social power that operates within institutions and discourses. There will be further discussion of other findings and suggestions for EFL reading pedagogy.

인간을 포함해서 우주만물을 지배하고 통치하는 “실체”의 존재 유무 를 단언하기란 어렵지만 다양한 종교들이 실체가 존재한다는 전제를 내 세우며 그 중심과 소통 또는 하나가 되는 것을 인생 최고의 목적으로 삼고 있다. 그리고 그 실체와의 만남에 이르는 방법 또한 몇 종류가 존 재하는 데 본 글에서는 요가를 통한 우주만물의 지존자와의 만남의 모 습을 살펴보았다. 지존자와의 만남을 이루는 방법 중에 하나를 힌두교에서는 요가로 설 정하고 있다. 그 요가에서 가장 중요한 것이 바로 인간 개인의 생각 또 는 이기심을 버릴 것을 요구하고 있다. 엘리엇 또한 『네 사중주』에서 그 모습을 여실히 보여주고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of different types of practice on badminton skill in elementary school student during practice with observation learning, repeated reading and mixed practice combining observation learning and repeated reading. Methods: Thirty-six 5th grade male elementary students participated and were randomly assigned into four different groups; control, observation learning(OL), repeated reading(RR), and mixed model(MD). Before performing the striking skill, they observed the badminton expert’s performance three times in real time. They were asked to peform high clear striking as a badminton skill 20 times at pre-test, practice, retention(RT) and delayed retention(DR). During intervention, control group watched video clips not related badminton, OL was asked to watch the video containing the expert performance in saggital view, RR was required to read the customized reading material, and MD watched the expert’s video and read the reading material. Results: There was significant difference in performance score between pre-test, RT, DR in MD. Conclusion: The current results suggest that MD seems more effective practice to learn badminton skill for male elementary school student.