I respect my hometown Jeju as a story. I believe that storytelling is the most radical and accessible approach available to organize our memories, the events of our day, dreams of possibilities and hope for what can be. By telling our stories and reflecting imaginatively on our lives, our ancestral roots and our relationship to the land, we discover powerful memories of nature in our childhood or of selfless parent. I liked to listen to a story of Father Emile Taquet from my grandfather and my father and I also was able to replicate his great work in Jeju. He was always frugal as a lifelong botanist and as a seminary professor. He experienced the agony of the age since he experienced the Jeju Uprising aftermath, Japanese colonial period, the First and Second World Wars, Korean War, and the nuclear bomb in Japan. He always shaved his hair off because of his poverty. He was always frugal as a botanical collector. Because of its geological make up many people in Jeju suffered damage caused by the force of nature every year. He developed tangerine orange cultivation and he taught people how to break the poverty cycle of their lives. He was the real social leader as well as a parish priest. He recognized that local people had their expression of their own faith. By recognizing each area’s culture and tradition, he was able to have a good relationship with Jeju people for 13 years. He taught Jeju people how to boost the economy by direct action in their own eco system. He never hurt their pride even though they lived poorly. He collected plants and worked as a professor, and completed his missionary work. He passed away in Daegu on January 27, 1952. Before and after the Korean War, he spent his last days helping the development of home for orphaned children.

이 논문은 추모와 기억이 작동하는 방식에 대한 이론적 논의를 바탕으로 예이츠의 “1916년 부활절 봉기”를 분석한다. 기억과 망각, 기념과 반기념이라는 대립적 개념의 긴장을 통해 희생자들에 대한 예이츠의 양가적이고 분열적인 욕망을 읽어낸다.

Similar to traditional advertising, product placement plays important roles in consumer purchasing behaviors through the AIDA model (e.g., Ghirvu，2013) of which attention is the very first stage. While there is an established literature on brand recall and recognition as methods of product placement evaluation, the role of attention, which is an important topic in traditional advertising research, has been sparsely studied in the context of product placement. This paper proposes that attention is a psychological state which affects information selection and processing. Captured attention reflects audience’s selective attention to editorial content including placements, while sustained attention (or processing) requires allocated attentional capacity to process information captured from the placement. When available attentional capacity is insufficient, product placements cannot be adequately processed to form accurate memory (Lee & Faber, 2007). Accordingly, this paper aims to investigate the pathway of ‘placement characteristics –audience attention – audience memory’ in order to reinterpret the relationship between placement characteristics and audience memory through the lens of attention. We do this by answering two pertinent questions: 1) how placement characteristics (e.g., exposure duration, frequency, location and size) influence captured attention; and, 2) how captured attention and sustained attention affect audience memory. To do so, we draw on psychology literature, especially the feature integration theory (Treisman & Gelade, 1980), in establishing the theoretical connections between placement features, captured attention, sustained attention and memory. By a theatre methodology, we found sustained attention mediated between captured attention and audience memory, while more prominent placement characteristics had stronger relationships with captured attention. Furthermore, audience’s levels of involvement in the media content and familiarity with the placed brand moderated the relationship between sustained attention and audience memory.

큰 학자가 떠남에 따라 영문학에 대한 그의 영향과 문학도들에 대한 생각을 하게 한다. 그의 업적 — 특히 『예이츠의 시전집』에 달린 주는 예이츠연구에 있어 필수적이고 권위 있는 목소리가 되었다. 그의 제자들과 동료교수들에 대한 그의 영향은 아주 중요한 멘토의 역할을 했는데, 미래의 학자들의 요청을 거절할 때에도 그러했다.

The aim of this paper is to show how the paradigm of disaster resilience may help reorienting urban planning policies in order to mitigate various types of risks, thanks to carefully thought action on heritage and conservation practices. Resilience is defined as the “capacity of a social system to proactively adapt to and recover from disturbances that are perceived within the system to fall outside the range of normal and expected disturbances.”1 It relies greatly on risk perception2 and the memory of catastrophes. States, regions, municipalities, have been giving territorial materiality to collective memory for centuries,3 but this trend has considerably increased in the second half of the 20th century.4 This is particularly true regarding the memory of disasters: for example, important traces of catastrophes such as urban ruins have been preserved, because they were supposed to maintain some awareness and hence foster urban resilience – Berlin’s Gedächtniskirche is a well-known example of this policy.5 Yet, in spite of preserved traces of catastrophes and various warnings and heritage policies, there are countless examples of risk mismanagement and urban tragedies. Using resilience as a guiding concept might change the results of these failed risk mitigation policies and irrelevant disaster memory processes. Indeed, the concept of resilience deals with the complexity of temporal and spatial scales, and with partly emotional and qualitative processes, so that this approach fits the issues of urban memory management. Resilience might help underlining the complexity and the subtlety of remembrance messages, and lead to alternative paths better adapted to the diversity of risks, places and actors. However, when it is given territorial materiality, memory is almost always symbolically and politically framed and interpreted; Vale and Campanella had already outlined this political aspect of remembrance and resilience as a discourse.6 Resilience and the territorialization of memory are not ideologically neutral, but urban risk mitigation may come at that price.

죽은 부친과 동료 문인에 대한 그리움이 창작 동기가 된 『환영을 찾아서』는 애가인 동시에 작가의 사후세계에 대한 호기심을 엿 볼 수 있는 초월 시 작법 서다. 시인은 죽은 자의 소유물을 응시함으로써 그들에 대한 기억을 떠올리고 그들의 영혼이 어디로 갔는가에 대한 질문을 던진다. 이와 더불어 작가는 그들이 사라 진 사후세계를 상상 함으로써 현실세계로부터 영혼세계로의 항해를 시도 하고 있다. 그리고 이 시들은 죽은 자들에 대한 회상 및 연민을 그린 점 때문에 낭만적 태도로부터 탄생 되었고 죽은 이들이 남겨 준 정신적 유산에 관심을 보이면서 다른 한편으로는 새로운 작품을 만들려는 점 때문에 부분적으로 모더니즘 작품의 특성을 나타낸다. 나아가 구체로부터 추상으로 의미의 다양화를 시도한 점 때문에 포스트모던 경향 역시 띤다고 평가할 수 있다.

In conjunction with the seventieth anniversary of the Jeju 4.3 Uprising, more and more people have started to raise their voice calling for the United States to be also held accountable and for it to make an apology. People have started to critically view the American role in the Cold War, its policies regarding the Korean peninsula and its responsibilities related to the tragic massacre on Jeju Island. This essay seeks to go along side this movement by reviewing some historical facts. The U.S. Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK), in order to successfully hold the South-only election to advance US interests, sought to strongly clamp down on the Jeju 4.3 Uprising. However, it avoided becoming directly involved in the actual suppression. The USAMGIK, through various reports, intelligence sources or witness testimonies, knew that punitive forces composed of the police and the military were indiscriminately massacring civilians. The military advisors reported on the excessive brutality shown by the punitive forces but did not do anything to stop it even though they had enough authority to do so. On the surface, the United States called for American-style democracy and criticized the barbaric violence committed by Koreans. In reality, however, the United States abetted or even instigated the massacres in Jeju.