This study aims to prepare a colloidal silica-containing powder to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of rivaroxaban using a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS). We investigate the impact of colloidal silica on a nanoemulsion system for preparing powdered SNEDDS. The liquid SNEDDS comprises 30/20/50 (w/w/w) Peceol/ Cremophor RH40/Tween 80, which results in the formation of the smallest droplets. Three powdered SNEDDS formulations are prepared by suspending the liquid SNEDDS formulation using colloidal silica and spray drying. The powdered SNEDDS prepared with liquid SNEDDS and colloidal silica at a ratio of 1/0.5 (w/w) exhibits the highest water solubility (0.94 ± 0.62 vs. 26.70 ± 1.81 μg/mL) and dissolution rate (38.4 ± 3.6 vs. 85.5 ± 3.4%, 45 min) when compared to the drug alone. Morphologically, the liquid SNEDDS is adsorbed onto colloidal silica and forms smaller particles. In conclusion, an SNEDDS containing rivaroxaban, prepared using colloidal silica, facilitates the creation of a nanoemulsion and enhances the water solubility of rivaroxaban. Accordingly, this technology holds significant potential for commercialization.

The purpose of this study was to utilize the stem of Opuntia ficus-indica and to optimize the extraction conditions and standardize extract process for water soluble dietary fiber and solid. Extraction process was optimized by applying various conditions such as pH, ethanol concentration, extracting temperature and time. Maximum extraction yield for water soluble dietary fiber and solid were obtained using 100% water, indicating that ethanol hampered extraction. Also, extraction was unstable with higher heat, longer extraction time, and low acidic conditions. Maximum extraction of water soluble dietary fiber (27.92%) and solid (5.6 g) were obtained at 50°C, pH7, and 7 hr extraction time. Extract had antioxidant capacity at 1105.98 mg vitamin C equivalents (VCE) on ABTS assay and 118.10 mg VCE on DPPH assay.