Comments on correlations between Korean and Chinese tales of stepmother and tales of Buddhism
불교가 인도 문화권을 넘어서 다른 문화권으로 전파됨에 따라서 불교설화도 각국의 자연환경과 사회문화적 풍습과 접목되는 방식으로 다양하게 변용되어 각 문화권에 스며들었다. 중국, 한국, 일본으로 불교가 전래된 이후에 많은 불교설화가 만들어졌다. 그리고 한국과 일본은 중국에서 개작되고 윤색하여 새로 만들어진 불교설화집들이 유입되면서 또 조금씩 다른 이야기들이 첨가되는 형태로 변용된 것이 많다.한국<우목낭상>형 계모설화가 인도의 구랑나태자설화를 재편하는 과정에서는 “우목낭상”의 의미에 꼭 맞도록 도려내어진 눈은 바늘질통에 보관되고 그 눈으로 광명을 되찾는 것으로 변화시켰다. 이리하여 우목낭상의 고사로 양식화되었고, 양식화된 설화들은 또다시 역사적인 인물을 가미시킨 새로운 이야기를 파생시키며 오늘날과 같은 유형이 된 것이다.중국의 서천문불형 계모설화와 인도의 가마니찬다본생설화를 비교해 보면 불교설화로서의 특수한 형식성의 탈피는 물론, 화소와 내용면에서도 상당한 차이를 보여주고 있다.한국과 중국계모설화에서는 불전설화가 인용되어 주제의 일관성과 줄거리의 통일성에 별 도움이 안 되는 단락과 화소가 생략되어 명료한 주제, 긴밀한 구성을 실현하고 있음으로써 더욱 일반화된 구전설화로의 전환을 이루었다.
Because Buddhism had been spread from India cultural area to other cultural areas, tales of Buddhism had also been differentiated by each natural environment and social cultural traditions of each culture. After spreading Buddhism to China, Korea, and Japan, many tales of Buddhism were made. Moreover, in Korea and Japan, because new story books of Buddhism remade and embroidered by China after accepting Buddhism had been also flowed in, there were many stories adding somewhat different stories to them.When Korean tales of stepmother as a type of <Collecting indelible stories to pockets and boxes(寓目囊箱)> recreated the tale of crown prince, Gurangna of India, it was changed for suitable meaning of “Collecting indelible stories to pockets and boxes”, so that eyes were stored in boxes for sewing tools and through them, it was possible to find the light. Therefore, this type was stylized and stories of this type also created new stories including historic persons, by which it is possible to have various kinds of them now.When tales of stepmother of China as a type of western Buddhism literatures and the tale on original life of Gamanichan in India were compared, it was possible to find significant differences in main elements of stories and contents as well as in formation. That is, Chinese tales showed special avoiding tendency on this formation.In Korean and Chinese tales of stepmother, because tales of Buddhist temple were quoted, it was possible to omit paragraphs and story elements that were not helpful to the consistency of the subject and the unity of the plot. So, it was possible to realize clear subject and close composition, by which it was also possible to change them as more generalized oral folk tales.