구약성서에는 다양한 정서적 용어가 소개되어 있다. 인격형성에 큰 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 불안, 두려움과 공포, 그리고 분노와 격분 등은 현대 심리학에서도 중요하게 취급되는 정서분야이다. 막연한 상황에서 안전에 대한 위협으로 인해 발생한 불안, 구체적인 위협상황에서 느끼는 두려움과 죽음의 공포, 그리고 자신의 정당성을 주장하는 표현으로 나타나는 분노와 격분 등은 인간 내면의 심리적, 영적 성향과 의도를 드러낸다는 점에서 주목할 만하다.

There are a number of emotional terms in the Old Testament, which give us useful informations about the relationship between God and the Israelites as well as about human personalities. From the view of depth-psychology, the usage of emotional terms in the Hebrew Bible is based upon the archetypal foundation in the psyche. With feeling, affect, and mood, emotion is used for revealing both psychological and physical response to inner or outer stimulus. This study is carried out by linguistic analysis of emotional terms and their relational narratives. Among the various emotional terms, the writer deals with three categories, such as anxiety, fear and phobia, and anger and rage.The Hebrew ḥǎrādâ shows a physical state of trembling, fear, or phobia (Gen 27:33). dā’g also denotes anxiety, worry, or care. With the meaning of fear, it is used in the dangerous situation confronting others' aggression (Jer 38:19). In relation to complaint, sîaḥ reveals the meaning of ‘remorse’ or ‘rehearse’ (Job 10:1). The Hebrew yārē’ denotes a representative terms of fear and terror. According to A. Bowling, it is used for the following meanings: 1) emotion of fear; 2) worry about expected evil; 3) awesome or terrifying; 4) fear of righteousness or piety in worship. The term yārē’, in most cases, is used for the meaning of ‘fear of God’, which implies the emotion of the servant before the master. Along with yārē’, pāḥad, ḥāṭaṭ, and ḥārad are used to denote ‘fear’ or ‘horror’ in threatening situations.The Hebrew ḥēmâ usually used for divine wrath against human evil (Deut 33:24, 33). It also denotes ‘indignation’ or ‘rage’ (2 Kings 5:12). In most cases, God's wrath is used for destruction or judgment (Jer 6:11). Besides. the emotional terms, such as ḥŏrî, ’ap, ‘ebrâ, kāṣap, and kā‘as reveals anger or rage. In most cases, the terms for anger are used for self-righteousness faced with unfairness. Although emotional terms usually shows dysfunctional state of psyche, their basic function is to protect oneself against undesirable situations. From this point of view, understanding the function of emotions gives us useful insights to improve the communicating ability among people.

I. 들어가는 말
II. 구약성서에 나타난 감성언어
1. 불안
2. 두려움과 공포
3. 분노와 격분
III. 결어

• 박종수(강남대학교) | Jong-Soo Park