본고는 최근 비교적 많은 자료축적이 이루어진 호남지역의 마연토기 전체를 집성·분류하고, 그 변화상을 살펴보고자 하였으며, 그 과정에서 지역적 특징을 도출해 보고자 한 것이다. 호남지역의 마연토기 변화상은 크게 4시기로 구분하여 살펴볼 수 있는데, 먼저 Ⅰ기는 기존 편년의 ‘조기’에 해당하는 시기로서 마연여부는 분명하지 않지만, 마연토기 기종이라고 할 수 있는 대부토기와 평저장경호 기종이 사용되는 시기이다. 한반도 다른 지역과 마찬가지로 청동기문화의 유입과 동시에 마연토기가 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있다. Ⅱ기는 전기전반에 해당하는 시기로서 대부토기와 굽이 탈락한 평저장경호, 외반구연 원저중경호 등이 사용되는데, 이 시기에 외반구연의 원저호가 출현하는 점이 주목된다. Ⅲ기는 전기후반에 해당하는 시기로서, 대부토기가 일부 잔존하고, 원저중경호와 채문호가 사용된다. 이 시기부터 무덤에서도 마연토기가 출토되고 있어, 매장용으로 채용되고 있음을 알 수 있다. Ⅳ기는 송국리단계로서 호남지역내 지역화가 뚜렷해지는 시기인데, 특히 금강유역을 중심으로 하는 북쪽지역의 송국리문화권과 남해안을 따라 형성되는 남해안문화권으로 대별된다. 송국리문화권에서는 생활유구에서 플라스크형호와 완이 세트로 출토되는 반면, 무덤에서는 특이한 마연토기가 보이지 않는다. 이에 비해 남해안 지역에는 생활유구에서는 마연토기의 지역성이 보이지 않는 반면, 무덤에서는 채문호와 퇴화된 원저중경호 등의 지역성을 가지는 토기가 출토되고 있다. 호남지역 마연토기의 전반적인 특징으로는 외반구연호가 송국리단계까지 이어지는 점, 다른 지역에서 보이지 않는 플라스크호가 사용되는 점, 채문기법이 수용되는 점 등을 들 수 있다.
This research discovered the changes and characteristics of burnished pottery in Honam area in the Bronze Age. As it is well known, burnished pottery is a relic that indicates the distinguished time and space where the historic remain existed, based on unique manufacturing techniques, various types and forms. In this regard, it is considered very important resource to understand the Korean Peninsula in the Bronze Age. However, there have been no systemic reviews on every type of burnished pottery in Honam area due to the lack of data. Recently, data have been collected on burnished pottery in Honam area only, which is enough to conduct a comprehensive review. Under the trend, this study intended to compile the entire burnished pottery in Honam area, examine the changes in the relic and draw the regional characteristics of burnished pottery noticed during the process. First, some features of the changes in burnished pottery include the continued existence of jar with outwardly rolled mouth until the Songgukri period, the use of flask jar that was undiscovered in other regions and the adoption of painting techniques. The changes can be divided into four stages. Stage Ⅰ is the“ early” period in the existing chronicle. It is unclear whether there was burnished pottery while mounted pottery and long necked flat bottom pottery, a type of burnished pottery, were clearly used. It is discovered that burnished pottery was used when the Bronze Age started, like the other regions in the Korean Peninsula. Stage Ⅱ is the former part of the early period where mounted pottery, unmounted long necked flat bottom pottery and rounded bottom middle necked jar with outwardly rolled mouth were adopted. It is noted that rounded bottom middle necked jar with outwardly rolled mouth was first appeared in this period. Stage Ⅲ is the latter part of the early period during which mounted pottery partly remains and rounded bottom middle necked jar and painted jar were used. The discovery of burnished pottery in tombs from this period indicates that the pottery was also used for burial ceremony. Stage Ⅳ is the Songgukri period with distinguished regional characteristics within Honam area that is especially divided largely into the northern area with the Songgukri culture centered on Geumgang River and the area with the Southern Coastal Culture along the south coast. In the area with the Songgukri culture, a combination of flask jar and dish was excavated among the household items remains while unique burnished pottery was not discovered from the tombs. In contrast, in the Southern Coastal Culture area, mounted pottery did not have regional characteristics among the household items remains while painted jar and retrograded rounded bottom middle necked jar with regionality was excavated from the tombs.