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Application of dNA barcoding in entomogy: A case study of the superfamily tephritoidea (diptera) in Korea
The superfamily Tephritoidea is a large group of acalyptrate flies including over 7,300 described species arranged in nine families. All the tephritoid families excluding Richardiidae are represented in Korea, but their taxonomy has not been well studied. For example, a total of 80 species of the family Tephritidae are currently known in Korea, but our personal data shows that there actually are at least 150 species. Presence of highly variable or cryptic species has been hampering taxonomic progress involving this group of flies. Some genera such as Trypeta, Campiglossa, Oxyna, and Tephritis are good examples of taxonomically difficult taxa. We find that DNA barcoding is extremely helpful to clarify such taxonomic problems. We are currently trying to bacode multiple samples for every single Korean tephritoid species. A total of 271 specimens representing 185 species have been barcoded so far. Neighbor-Joining analysis of our preliminary data shows many interesting findings that are potentially useful to resolve long standing taxonomic problems. The followings are some of our findings through the DNA barcoding analyses: 1) multiple samples for each included species were almost always clustered together showing utility for specific identification; 2) multiple species per each genus were mostly clustered together; 3) clarification of male and female association of two closely resembling new Acidiella species; 4) strongly support synonymy of Sinacidia and Chetostoma; 5) possible existence of two cryptic species within Campiglossa defasciata; 6) possible synonymy of Dioxyna and Campiglossa; 7) possible synonymy of Herina zojae and H. hennigi; and 8) discrimination of two closely resembling Chaetostomella species.
