In this study, we compared global proteome profiles and the expression pattern of defense-related genes in Chinese cabbage when infested by Myzus persicae and Plutella xylostella. Four-week-old Chinese cabbage was exposed to each insect for 24 h, and then proteins and total RNA were extracted from leaves. To elucidate the herbivore-induced differentially expressed proteins in Chinese cabbage, proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and visualized by staining with Coomassie G250. Approximately 1600 protein spots were separated and 249 protein spots showed reproducible changes in expression. Among them, nine proteins whose expressions were markedly up-regulated in M. persicae-infested group were identified using matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The identified herbivore-responsive proteins (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase, ATP synthase CF1, putative mismatch binding protein Mus3, and integrase core domain-containing protein) were involved in regulation of photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and DNA repair. The expression levels of chitinase, b-1,3-glucanse, peroxidase, PR1, and PR4 in herbivore-infested Chinese cabbage were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results clarify the response of Chinese cabbage to two herbivore attack at the protein level.