This study was performed to investigate the effect of flonicamid and thiamethoxam treated at sublethal concentration (LC10, LC30) on development period, adult longevity and fecundity and the feeding behaviour of Myzus persicae adult. Developmental period of M. Persicae nymph took 5.9 days in LC10, and 6.1 days in LC30 in both insecticides, comparing with control (5.7 days), it showed longer than those of the control, but there was no significance. Adult longevity treated at LC10 and LC30 of flonicamid was showed 13.2 and 13.7 days, respectively, and LC10 of thiamethoxam was examined as 14.7 days, it showed longer than control of 11.6 days. Mean daily fecundity exhibited higher in LC10 (3.1) and LC30 (3.1) of flonicamid than that of control (2.5), but thiamethoxam are not. Total fecundity exhibited higher in LC10 (41.8) and LC30 (43.0) of flonicamid, in LC10 (42.1) of thiamethoxam than that of control (29.5). Feeding behavior was examined using EPG (electrical penetration graph). EPG data indicated that flonicamid and thiamethoxam increased the duration of non-probing periods and decreased the duration of phloem ingestion.

This study was conducted to determine the occurrence and route tracking of Riptortus clavatus from 5th April to 10th November, 2010. Investigation area was selected: farmland at Chungbuk National University (CBNU), Jujung-dong (Cheongju) and O-Chang (Cheongwon) that distinguished the farmland and the fores, and two sites by an altitude at Mt. Yangseong (Munui-myeon, Cheongwon). Aggression pheromone trap (below trap) and trap+soybean are set on two sites by an altitude of Mt. Yangseong farmland (80m) and forest (200 and 300 m). Population density of Riptortus pedestris showed the highest in Mid-Jun., Mid-Aug, and Late-Oct., and caught more trap+soybean than trap. Two sites of O-Chang and Jujung, R. pedestris was more caught to a farmland in June to August, but caught to forest at Sept. Comparison between traps, trap+soybean is more caught than trap, higher caught in season to a farmland from Jun. to Aug., a forest from Sept. to Nov. Farmland of CBNU without forest was caught from Mid-Jul. to Late-Aug, and the number of caught insect was higher in trap+soybean. This pattern caught more in trap+soybean shows the similar result from five investigation area but showed the difference according to the investigation area. R. pedestris was released after marked with florescent paint for route tracking. Ten days after release of 500 density at 200 m altitude (25th Aug), R. pedestris was re-caught seven in the same altitude, but the release at 80 m altitude (4th Oct.), R. pedestris was re-caught at 200 and 300 m. This result suggest that R. pedestris did not move in August to other altitude because of rich-food, however, R. pedestris seems to move in Oct. to the forest by reason of food-shortage or overwintering.

The American serpentine leafminer fly, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), is one of the most destructive polyphagous pests world wide. In this study, we determined electron beam doses for inhibition of normal development of the L. trifolii and investigated the effect of electron beam irradiation on DNA damage and p53 stability. Eggs, larvae, pupae and adults were irradiated with increasing doses of electron beam irradiation (six levels ranges from 30 to 200 Gy). At 150 Gy, the number of adults that developed from irradiated eggs, larvae and pupae was lower than those of untreated control. Fecundity and egg hatchability decreased depending on the doses applied. Reciprocal crosses between irradiated and unirradiated flies demonstrated that males were more radiotolerant than females. Adult longevity was not affected in all stages. The levels of DNA damage in L. trifolii adults were evaluated using the alkaline comet assay. Our results indicate that electron beam irradiation increased levels of DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, low doses of electron beam irradiation led to the rapid appearance of p53 protein with in 6 h; however, it decreased after exposure to high doses (150 Gy and 200 Gy). These results suggest that electron beam irradiation induced not only abnormal development and reproduction but also p53 stability caused by DNA damage in L. trifolii. We conclude that a minimum dose of 150 Gy should be sufficient for sterilization of L. trifolii.

In this study, we compared global proteome profiles and the expression pattern of defense-related genes in Chinese cabbage when infested by Myzus persicae and Plutella xylostella. Four-week-old Chinese cabbage was exposed to each insect for 24 h, and then proteins and total RNA were extracted from leaves. To elucidate the herbivore-induced differentially expressed proteins in Chinese cabbage, proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and visualized by staining with Coomassie G250. Approximately 1600 protein spots were separated and 249 protein spots showed reproducible changes in expression. Among them, nine proteins whose expressions were markedly up-regulated in M. persicae-infested group were identified using matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The identified herbivore-responsive proteins (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase, ATP synthase CF1, putative mismatch binding protein Mus3, and integrase core domain-containing protein) were involved in regulation of photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and DNA repair. The expression levels of chitinase, b-1,3-glucanse, peroxidase, PR1, and PR4 in herbivore-infested Chinese cabbage were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results clarify the response of Chinese cabbage to two herbivore attack at the protein level.