In order to be used as a basic data for building the insect industry, the preference of the consumers and market value of insect were analyzed. The survey was conducted on 302 ordinary citizens aged 19 to 59 on their perceptions of industrial insects. Questionnaire about the awareness of insect-related products was found to be ‘mostly known’ at 94.7%, and the product information was obtained by TV/radio > Introduction by an acquaintance > Internet search > Newspaper magazine. The experience for the product was 61.6 %, and the type of experience was the highest in edible/pharmacic (67.0%), and the next in the study/attraction (26.2%). It was found that more than half (58.3%) of the purchase experience was never purchased before. The purchase of insect products was the most widely used for edible/pharmacic, followed by the study/ attraction insects. The route of purchase was in the order of specialized stores > exhibition/fairs > acquaintances, etc. Satisfaction with the purchase of products was relatively high in quality, route of purchase, and farming techniques, with the exception of price.

The consumer satisfaction level for insect products for feed was investigated in order to be used as a basic data for the establishment of the insect industry. The survey was conducted on 302 ordinary citizens aged 19 to 59 on consumer satisfaction with insect-related products for feed. When insect is supplied as a food source, most consumers are purchased for reptiles (66.7%). Asking about food type, most of them answered that they buy food in living form (83.3%), which is higher than dry form (16.7%). The kind of insect-related products for feed were in the order of crickets (83.3 %) > mealworm (16.7 %). The frequency of use of the product was once (66.7%) > 2 to 3 times a week (16.7%) > 2 to 3 times a month(16.7%). Consumer satisfaction with insect food for feed was average, but they said they were relatively satisfied with the quality, the route of purchase and the nutritional content.

Since fireflies are considered to be insects that come from green or clean regions, many local festivals are held around the country. Fireflies in Muju, Chonbuk, Mt. Gyeyang in Incheon, Anter Village in Chungbuk, and O-chang Chungbuk (Chungbuk Agricultural Research Extension Services) are the most popular festivals. In the case of O-chang, Chungbuk, we looked at the possibility of fireflies succeeding as a local festival. The O-chang Firefly Festival was held from June 1, 2018 to June 5, 2018, marking the ninth anniversary of the Firefly Festival as the topic of “Firefly·Insect industry Festival.” Firefly (Luciola lateralis, the larvae are aquatic) is a main exhibiting insect. About 30 living species of aquatic insects, attracting insects, agricultural insects, and edible insects, and insect photo artwork were displayed. The event was organized not only watch, but also experience for making various insect models, such as cooking insects and a exhibition of illustrated poems of insect subjects. In addition, they performed special stage performances such as bubble shows, magic shows, puppet shows, and insect movies to watch while waiting. As a result, the number of visitors increased 67 percent year-on-year to 21,700 this year. It is considered a success by relieving visitors of various free attractions and experiences.

The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is being steadily problematic on strawberry. To effective control of this pest, one combination application using predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis plus a pesticide Acequinocyl suggests. Prepared six beds (1.5 × 3 m; 20 strawberry plants) on glass house, 100 T. urticae was inoculated on per 20 plants. Four plots prepared - Acequinocyl treatment, P. persimilis application, Acequinocyl+P. persimilis double application, and the control. The change of T. urticae density was investigated in the seven-day intervals. In an Acequinocyl treated plot, T. urticae density was decreased after Acequinocyl sprayed, but began to increase steadily one month later. In a P. persimilis applied plot, T. urticae density began to decrease at 20 days after P. persimilis inoculation. In an Acequinocyl + P. persimilis double applied plot, T. urticae density was dramatically decreased after application and then no found the T. urticae. To practical use in farmhouse, it will be possible to control by inoculation of P. persimilis only when low density of T. urticae; however, double application with spray pesticide Acequinocyl plus apply the natural enemy P. persimilis will be good when high density of T. urticae.

This study was performed to apply and to utilize the digital forecasting information for Integrated Pest Management at pepper field in Chungbuk province. Chemical spray according to the forecasting prediction using FarmIPM and NCPMS were compare to the that of no control and conventional control. Pests such as Oriental tobacco budworm, Western flower thrips, and Cotton aphids were investigated the control effect by the forecasting modeling information at three pepper plots. Damaged fruit ratio (%) of Oriental tobacco budworm was ordered into no treatment (30) > forecasting (20) > conventional (12), but damages by other pest was insignificant. The frequency of forecasting control was ordered into NCPMS (31) > conventional control (17) > FarmIPM (8). Damaged fruit ratio (%) of Oriental tobacco budworm was ordered into no treatment (35.5) > NCPMS (26.1) > FarmIPM (24.6) > conventional (13.9). Density of western flower thrips was higher but had no problematic by the chemical control when it is hard to analyze the damage by cotton aphid occurrence. Damage by cotton aphids has no prediction of forecasting but done with 6th chemical spray, and their damage ratio (%) was ordered into no treatment (67.7) > FarmIPM (16.2) > NCPMS (11.3) > conventional treatment (4.8). At an analysis of economic value, gross profit was highest in FarmIPM and next to NCPMS > conventional control.

As increased the cultivating areas of several minor crops for medicine such as Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Astragalus membranaceus, Taraxacum platycarpum, Gynanchum wilfordii, and Purple granadilla, the occurrence of major pests and their damages were severed. Primarily occurred pests on five minor crops were observed small in size pests such as whiteflies, aphids and thrips, but the other pests are insignificantly infest. Whiteflies showed higher density in G. uralensis but its damage was insignificant level. Aphids were showed higher density at June in all minor crops and then sharply decreased the density with lower degree of damage. The high damage on initial growth stage will be judge to affect on the yield. Thrips on T. platycarpum showed higher density with 44.1%, compare to other crops, sharply increased the density in late-June and optimal peak in mid-July and decreased in late-Aug. Conclusively, major pests on crops, green peach aphid, mites species on A. membranaceus and G. uralensis, olender aphid, mites species and thrips on G. wilfordii were damaged. Detailed investigation and analysis for economic value of the damaged pest for the continual production will be promoted and then followed the procedure the registration of agrochemicals.

Grapholita molesta occur four times a year and Carposina sasakii occur twice a year, and both pests do damage on stone fruits such as peach, apple, plum, apricot, etc. Grapholita molesta is worldwide distributed in temperate and subtropical areas including South Korea. But, Carposina sasakii distributed in South Korea, Japan, China and Asia, and has been managed as an important import quarantine pest by the authorities of United States, Canada and Taiwan. Forecasting of both pests in Korea is currently done through the investigation of 1,000 fruits per 10 trees (100 fruits / tree) in designated peach orchard. However, this method is very difficult to observe the pest by bagging of peach and require too much time and labor. Therefore, we tried to carry out a new forecasting method by using of sex pheromone traps for newly standardized method as an alternative. Using sex pheromone trap, attractiveness of G. molesta was proved to be 2.5 > 1.5 > 0.5 m by the height and the border => outside > center by the position. Attractiveness of C. sasakii made no difference in height, but, more trapped at the center and border than outside in position at peach orchard.

Since 2000, the damages of hemipteran pests have severely increased. This study was performed to find the proper monitoring methods and investigate seasonal occurrences of the two apple-infesting stink bug species by the year and to evaluate the orchard rate of infestation and rate of damaged apple. Also the preferences of stink bugs to the crabapple cultivars were investigated in orchards. Compared data obtained from monitoring methods using visible counts, aggregation pheromone traps or mercury light traps, the occurrence density of apple-infesting stink bugs (Plautia stali and Halyomorpha halys) could be monitored more effectively in aggregation pheromone trap than visible count or mercury light trap. The occurrence densities of two species during growing season were low in 2013, but increased in 2014. From the investigations at 25 orchards of eight districts was the infestation rate was at 16.7% in 2013 and 62.1% in 2014 . The occurrence density of stink bugs in crabapples was highest in ‘Purple lemoine’ followed by ‘Professor sprenger’ ‘M. baccata’, ‘Robinson crab’, ‘Sandong pingguo’, damaged fruit rate. The number of damaged holes was high in order as ‘Hopa-A’, ‘Sandong pingguo’, ‘Adam’s crab’, ‘Professor sprenger’, ‘Purple lemoine’.

Recently an outbreaked pest belongs to Hemiptera: Recaniidae, Ricanula sp. is greatly concerned about the outspreading throughout the South of Korea by wide range of host, including Cornelian cherry, Jujube, and peach trees. In Chungbuk province, this pest was first occurred at Jincheon and Okcheon in 2012, Cheongju in 2013 and now found out at Eumseong and Goesan in 2015. Ricanula sp. was oviposited directly into one-year twig, did damages on fruit-bearing formation and finally withered the host. This study was performed to understand the ovipositional characteristics and to develop the standardized forecasting method. Oviposition by Ricanula sp. was abundant in tree than in bush, adult laid eggs on new inner twigs and then covered with wax compound. Total no. of oviposited egg-mass was 10 to 318, and that of on new twig was 5 to 185 per tree, with different to host trees. Thickness of oviposited twigs were done within 2 ~ 5.5 mm and the height was mostly founded with range of 1 to 2 m, founded with highest height over 3 m. Oviposited no. of egg-mass within 30 cm twig was appeared differently from 2 to 7 every host. From based on this investigated result, we provide this for standardized forecasting method. This pest will need to control when egg-mass will occur over 2 at new twig, within 30 cm from the tip, set as total 25 point/ 5 plants (5 point per plant).

이 연구는 사과원에서 20년동안 두 종 응애의 밀도변화를 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 사과나무를 가해하는 두 종의 응애 해충, 점박이응애 (Tetranychus urticae)와 사과응애(Panonychus ulmi)의 발생을 1992년부터 2011년까지 8개 도시 포함, 한국의 남부지역에 위치한 사과주산지역에 서 조사하였다. 20년간의 추세는 많은 과원이 1992년부터 1999년까지는 점박이응애가 주로 가해를 하였지만 2000년도부터는 사과응애가 우점하 기 시작했다. 사과응애의 평균관찰밀도는 일정했고 점박이응애의 밀도는 이 기간동안 일정하지 않았다. 5년주기별 발생추세 분석은 점박이응애의 밀도가 2002년 이후에 감소하는 것을 보여주었다. 4월부터 9월까지 월별피해과원율과 두종 응애의 평균발생밀도는 사과응애의 밀도가 4월에 높지 만 점박이응애의 밀도가 5월부터 9월까지 높았다. 이런 변화는 살충제 살포횟수, 초경재배관리, 질소비료 사용의 감소와 전체적인 과원관리의 변화 등으로 기인한다. 그러나 이러한 예측은 이를 증명하기 위해 보다 자세한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구를 통해 비료살표와 같은 재배법과 살충제 살포횟 수와 종합적해충관리 등의 환경적 변화가 사과원에서 두종 응애의 우점종과 발생밀도에 영향을 준 것으로 보인다.

In apple orchards, the damages by woodborers are increased. Mainly infesting woodborers are elucidated three species, namely, the fruit-tree pinhole borer (Xyleborinus saxeseni (Ratzeburg)), black timber bark beetle (Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford)), and Xyleborus apicalis (Blandford). Investigated result from population densities of woodborers using trap at Apple Research Station in Gunwi, Gyeongbuk, X. saxeseni and X. germanus were first captured from late-March and reached highest peak at mid-April. X. apicalis also first captured from late-March and reached highest peak at mid/late-May than April. Entrance hall was first observed from late-March and recorded highest number at April, but steadily decreased. Numbers of entrance hall according to the apple varieties were ordered as ‘Hwangok’ > ‘Fuji’ > ‘Hongro’. Entrance hall by tree height were mainly observed range from 21 to 80 cm (from the ground), found with highest entrance hall at 190 cm. Entrance hall by lateral branch order were mainly occurred at the first lateral branch from the ground, but the entrance hall was decreased as height increased. The ratio of trunk and branch were showed as 6.5 : 3.5.

In the midst of environments with crop-mixing, there were more preferred the fruit trees by brown-winged green (Plautia stali (Scott)), and yellow-brown stink bug (Halyomorpha halys (Stål)) and vegetables by Far eastern green stink bug (Nezara antennata Scott) and Bean bug (Riptortus pedestris (Thurnberg)). The major dominant species was identified as P. stali, infesting fruit trees over 99.4% among tested insects. It is severely damaged on peach of middle and late ripening, crab apple, pear and wild fruit of Actinidia arguta. In an investigation for the seasonal occurrence using aggregation pheromone trap, P. stali was peaked with three times at late-May∼early-June, mid- and late-July, and mid-Sept. ∼Oct. And H. halys slightly peaked at mid-June, and mid- and late-July and increased the occurrence at mid-Sept. ∼mid-Oct. Using seven insecticides - dinotefuran WP, flonicamid WP, etofenprox WP, chlorpyrifos WP, cabaryl WP, chlothianidin SC, and bifenthrin WP - registered on apple, contact and residual toxicity was tested on both male and female of P. stali and H. halys. Contact toxicity of dinotefuran WP was excellent on P. stali but the others had low effect. While all insecticides except flonicamid, residual toxicity were all effective on P. stali. Dinotefuran have a excellent contact toxicity and chlorpyrifos and bifenthrin have good residual toxicity against both male and female of H. halys.

Prior to 1990s, most farmers customarily sprayed the agrochemicals that only just recommended by association or pesticide dealers, regardless of the monitoring for the disease incidences and pest occurrences. In 1993, agrochemicals sprayed in apple orchards a year had been done about 15 ~16 times. As founded the Apple Research Station (ARS) in 1991, a study for the construction of Integrated Pest Managements (IPMs) were actively done during 1990s and the IPM was paved the way to control on apple diseases and pests during the 2000s. The co-work between ARS and Seoul National University during 1996 to 2001 for the monitoring and development of IPM strategies using sex pheromone made easy understanding for IPM and occurrence monitoring results by showing the pests to apple farmers. Through the 2000s, IPM pilot project for the distribution of IPM technique utilizing sex pheromone trap and mating disrupter to the field has endeavored. Currently, sex pheromone trap plays an important role for monitoring of the major apple pests and the quarantine pest, C. sasakii on apple. Moreover, sex pheromonebased mating disruptor has been used almost all organic apple orchards for the control of one of major fruit-infesting pest, G. molesta and C. sasakii. Henceforth, the application of sex pheromone trap for monitoring as well as the active expansion and provision of mating disruptor for the control is needed. To this, first of all, it is very important to reduce prices by developing the techniques than other things. Second, reinforced education for monitoring staffs must be done continuously to instruct and to consult the farmers with the monitoring results to give guidance. Third, companies competing in good faith will improve and maintain their product quality.

Woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum, one of the pests occurring in apple do damages on the branch and bastard slip nearby ground roots by sucking sap. Recently, seasonal population of this pest steadily increased but has scarcity the basic data relating to its ecology. This study was conducted to investigate the infested orchard ratio, environmental analysis of occurred orchard, seasonal population and parasite rate by Aphelinus mali, a natural enemy for woolly apple aphid, from 30 to 34 apple orchards, at 11 to 13 major apple producing areas in Gyeongsang-namdo and Gyeongsang-bukdo, Geolla-bukdo, and Chungchung-bukdo, during 2012 to 2013. It showed infested orchard ratio as about 35% and population density started to increase from mid-May, with its optimal density in late-June and increased again in late-September. This pest found in various rootstocks where infested orchards and could not found any significant pattern. The damage appeared in 9 to 35 year-old trees, severed rather old trees than younger trees. Also, orchards that did not eliminate bastard slip were showed high occurrence pattern. Parasite rates of Aphelinus mali showed the difference among investigated orchards but the rates showed generally increased pattern since early- July.

This study was performed to evaluate the contact toxicity and residual toxicity of the 26 commercially registered insecticides against cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne and maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais adult. Among 26 insecticides, seven insecticides (chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, fenitrothion, fenthion, phenthoate, cypermethrin, α-cyhalothrin) against L. serricorne adult and five insecticides (chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, fenitrothion, fenthion, phenthoate) against S. zeamais adult showed perfect mortality. LC50 (ppm) values of those selected insecticides were appeared lowest value on α-cyhalothrin (1.46 ppm) against L. serricorne adult and chlorpyrifos-methyl (0.64 ppm) against S. zeamais adult, respectively. However, chlorpyrifos-methyl still remain high toxicity until 90th days after treatment against both L. serricorne and S. zeamais adults. From above results, it will be useful information to select insecticides effective against L. serricorne and S. zeamais adults.