The box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a native species in East Asia specialized in box trees (Buxus sp.) but has recently invaded most European countries. Due to the absence of its natural enemies in Europe, the economic impact is serious in most countries. In order to find parasitoids as biological control agents in Korea, C. perspectalis larvae were collected from ornamental and native box trees from various regions of the country from 2022 to 2023. While rearing them in the insectary, several parasitoids emerged from the larvae. We found at least six larval parasitoids, including five wasp species and one fly species. Molecular diagnosis using the nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) showed that most samples were 90–97% identical to the data in the NCBI database. Further studies are required to determine biological and parasitic characteristics, such as developmental rate, fecundity, host specificity, and parasitic rate, to clarify the suitability of parasitoids as biological control agents.

이 논문은 미셸 페트루치아니(Michel Petrucciani)의 1991년 앨범「Playground」에 수록된 ‘September Second’를 분석 곡으로 선정하여 주제(Theme)를 중심으로 연주 기법에 대해 연구하였 다. 분석 방법으로는 선정된 연구 곡을 음악의 3요소인 리듬, 선율, 화성 중심으로 어떠한 연주 기법들을 사용했는지 살펴보았다. 리듬의 특징은 Intro에서 나오는 주요 테마 리듬에서 싱코페 이션(Syncopation)을 사용하여 라틴적인 요소가 가미된 반복 패턴의 테마 리듬이 주요를 이루었 다. 선율의 특징은 테마 멜로디가 들어가기 전에 유니즌을 통해 긴장감을 주었으며, 패턴을 반복 하는 선율, 코드 톤을 활용하여 연속적인 선율을 표현 하였다. 화성 특징에서는 전조를 많이 사 용했다는 것을 알 수 있었는데, 전조 기법으로는 Ⅴ7 을 사용한 전조, Ⅱ-Ⅴ 모션 패턴 전조, 멜로디 패턴을 이용한 전조를 사용하였다. 또한, 멜로디가 이어지기 위해 전조 되는 부분에서 장2도로 상.하행 하는 선율도 돋보였으며 이 곡의 형식 41마디에서 총 9번의 전조가 나타났다. 결론적으로 미셸의 연주 기법을 잘 적용 한다면 형식적인 틀에 벗어나 점 더 자유로운 연주를 할 수 있다는 가능성을 제시하였다.

The genus Adrapsa Walker, 1859 belongs to Herminiinae of Erebidae in Lepidoptera. In Korea, only one species, Adrapsa simplex (Butler, 1879) has been recorded so far. Here we add another species, Adrapsa simplex (Butler, 1879) as a new record to the Korean fauna. A short description for the species is given with adult images of male and female and their genitalia, and its COI barcode sequence is also provided.

Grapholita molesta occur four times a year and Carposina sasakii occur twice a year, and both pests do damage on stone fruits such as peach, apple, plum, apricot, etc. Grapholita molesta is worldwide distributed in temperate and subtropical areas including South Korea. But, Carposina sasakii distributed in South Korea, Japan, China and Asia, and has been managed as an important import quarantine pest by the authorities of United States, Canada and Taiwan. Forecasting of both pests in Korea is currently done through the investigation of 1,000 fruits per 10 trees (100 fruits / tree) in designated peach orchard. However, this method is very difficult to observe the pest by bagging of peach and require too much time and labor. Therefore, we tried to carry out a new forecasting method by using of sex pheromone traps for newly standardized method as an alternative. Using sex pheromone trap, attractiveness of G. molesta was proved to be 2.5 > 1.5 > 0.5 m by the height and the border => outside > center by the position. Attractiveness of C. sasakii made no difference in height, but, more trapped at the center and border than outside in position at peach orchard.

Recently an outbreaked pest belongs to Hemiptera: Recaniidae, Ricanula sp. is greatly concerned about the outspreading throughout the South of Korea by wide range of host, including Cornelian cherry, Jujube, and peach trees. In Chungbuk province, this pest was first occurred at Jincheon and Okcheon in 2012, Cheongju in 2013 and now found out at Eumseong and Goesan in 2015. Ricanula sp. was oviposited directly into one-year twig, did damages on fruit-bearing formation and finally withered the host. This study was performed to understand the ovipositional characteristics and to develop the standardized forecasting method. Oviposition by Ricanula sp. was abundant in tree than in bush, adult laid eggs on new inner twigs and then covered with wax compound. Total no. of oviposited egg-mass was 10 to 318, and that of on new twig was 5 to 185 per tree, with different to host trees. Thickness of oviposited twigs were done within 2 ~ 5.5 mm and the height was mostly founded with range of 1 to 2 m, founded with highest height over 3 m. Oviposited no. of egg-mass within 30 cm twig was appeared differently from 2 to 7 every host. From based on this investigated result, we provide this for standardized forecasting method. This pest will need to control when egg-mass will occur over 2 at new twig, within 30 cm from the tip, set as total 25 point/ 5 plants (5 point per plant).