Mongolia is a land-locked country which covers an area of 1,564,116 km2 in North East Asia. It is one of the largest land-locked countries and the world’s seventh largest country. The climate of Mongolia is extremely continental with long, cold, and dry winters, and with relatively short, mild and dry summers. The mid-winter, temperatures averages -26℃ with extremes recorded as low as -58℃. Summer temperatures in the Gobi desert may reach ±40℃. Annual precipitation ranges from 600 mm in the Khentii, Altai and Khovsgol mountains to less than 100 mm in the Gobi. On the biodiversity side, more than 3,000 species of vascular plants, 927 lichens, 437 mosses, 875 fungi, and numerous algae have been recorded with many more yet to be classified. The fauna of the country includes 136 species of mammals, 436 species of birds, 8 species of amphibians, 22 species of reptiles, 75 species of fishes and about 13,000 species of insects. The insect fauna is not definitively explored up to date. In the present study, we briefly reviewed for the Lepidoptera diversity of Mongolia. Many entomologists from various contries have been described or recorded more than 900 species of butterflies and moths belonging to 30 families, such as: Tineidae 27 spp. (Zagulyaev, 1979), Aegeriidae 2 spp. (Daniel, 1975), Tortricidae 190 spp. (Razowski, 1972), Cossidae 5 spp. (Yakovlev, 1968), Gelechiidae 50 spp. (Piskunov, 1979), Pterophoridae 19 spp. (Zagulyaev, 1968), Ethimdae 11 spp. (Zagulyaev, 1968), Athihiidae 2spp.(Kuznetsov, 1980), Morphidae 1sp. (Reidl, 1960), Pyralidae 27 spp. (Whalley, 1979), Hesperiidae 19 spp. (Korshunow, 1977), Papilionidae 10 spp. (Yakovlev, 1923), Pieridae 20 spp. (Korshunov, 1972), Lycaenidae 56 spp. (Bailint, 1989), Satyridae 57 spp. (Goltz, 1939), Nymphalidae 60 spp. (Fruhstofer, 1908 Korshunov, 1976; Korshunov & Soljanikov, 1977 Bayartogtokh & Enkhbayar, 2009), Lasiocampidae 11 spp. (Dubatolov & Zolotuhin, 1992); Sphingidae 12 spp. (Daniel, 1971); Geometridae 196 spp. (Wehrli, 1922); Noctuidae 130 spp. (Sukharev, 1982).

• Bayarsaikhan Ulziijargal(Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Incheon)
• Badamdorj Bayartogtokh(Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, National University of Mongolia)
• Yang-Seop Bae(Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Incheon)