본 논문은 16세기 종교개혁 과정에서 ‘유대인’ 또는 ‘유대주의자’라고 불렸던 칼뱅에 대한 연구이다. 칼뱅은 유대인 랍비들을 통해 성서해석에 관한 도움을 받았다. 종교개혁자들과 로마가톨릭교회는 이런 점에 대해 칼 뱅을 ‘유대인’ 또는 ‘유대주의자’라고 비판하였다. 칼뱅은 유대주의자였는 가를 살펴보기 위해 본 논문의 2장은 칼뱅과 유대인에 관해 연구한 학자들 의 입장을 정리한다. 3장에서는 르네상스 시대와 종교개혁 시기에 유대인 들의 역할이 종교개혁자들에게 어떤 영향을 주었는지 살펴본다. 4장에서는 칼뱅이 전통적인 성서해석 입장을 가진 기독교인들과 랍비 유대인의 성서 해석을 어떻게 수용해서 자신만의 성서해석의 길을 걸었는지에 대해 연구 한다. 5장에서는 칼뱅과 유대인 논쟁에 대해 다루면서, 기독교인-유대인 간 의 논쟁의 역사도 제시한다. 6장에서는 칼뱅과 반유대주의의 문제를 논한 다. 끝으로 지금까지 논의를 정리하고, 그에 대한 필자의 생각을 밝힌다.

This study examines the relationship between John Calvin(1509-1564) and the Jews during Protestant Reformation in sixteen century. The study focuses on a question “Was John Calvin a Judaizer?” Calvin was called “a Judaizer” by some of the Protestant Reformed Church and the Roman Catholic Chuch in specific circumstances of Protestant Reformation period. This study examines the preview and history of ‘Calvin and the Jews’ studies. Most studies about ‘Calvin and the Jews’ have been done generally in the viewpoint of Anti-Semitism. However, this study examines the history of the Jews in Europe and that of ‘Christian-the Jews’ debates in the relationship of Calvin and the Reformed Church. Calvin had developed the identity of the Reformed Church with resources of Humanism and the Jewish biblical interpretation. Calvin had found the value of the Jews in the process of accepting their biblical interpretation. This paper’s implications and my arguments can be summarized as follows. First, Calvin‘s tendency of the Jewish interpretation which evoked Judaizing debates on him, and Anti-Semitism controversy. Second, This study explores how Calvin’s acceptance of the Jewish biblical interpretation was presented in the center of Protestant Reformation. Some of reformers progressed Protestant Reformation accepting Humanism and the Jewish resources at the same time. Third, although Calvin was called a anti-Semitist by some researchers, Calvins’ works including A Response to Certain Questions and Objections of the Jew are not to confirm what Calvin was a anti-Semitist but to reveal his continuity of Judaizing. This paper has two contributions to the study of Calvin and Jews: (1) the deep understanding that the Jewish resources had affected Calvin’s biblical interpretation of the Old Testament. (2) the stimulating of new ideas for developing the study of the relationship of Calvin and Jews.

Ⅰ. 들어가는 말
Ⅱ. ‘칼뱅과 유대인’ 연구사
Ⅲ. 르네상스, 종교개혁과 유대인
Ⅳ. 랍비-기독론적 성서 해석의 수용과 비판
Ⅴ. 칼뱅과 유대인 논쟁
    1. 기독교인-유대인 논쟁의 역사
    2. 칼뱅과 유대인 논쟁: 『어느 유대인의 반박과 질문에 대한 답변』34)
    3. ‘유대주의자’ 논쟁
Ⅵ. 반유대주의 문제
Ⅶ. 나가는 말
참고문헌
Abstract
국문초록

• 정승현(장로회신학대학교) | Jung, Sung Hyun (Presbyterian University & Theological Seminary)