A series of toxicity trials was conducted to analyze the acute and subchronic oral toxicity of calcium from Jeju Lava Seawater (CJLS) in Sprague-Dawley rats. In the acute toxicity trial, rats were administered 0 or a daily dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight (BW) of CJLS. General behavior, side effects, and mortality were monitored over 14 days. In the subacute and subchronic trials, daily doses of 0, 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg BW were administered to the rats over 28 and 90 days, respectively. Clinical signs were examined daily, and changes in body weight, relative organ weight (ROW), and hematological, biochemical, and pathological parameters were recorded. The acute toxicity trial showed that the maximum tolerated dose of CJLS was >2,000 mg/kg BW, with no adverse effects or mortality observed during the 14-day period. In subacute and subchronic trials, oral administration of CJLS at a dosage of 1,000 mg/kg BW/day did not result in significant changes in BW, ROW, or hematological and biochemical biomarkers. These results indicate that the oral administration of CJLS at doses lower than 1,000 mg/kg BW/day is safe for rats, providing a basis for the clinical use of CJLS.

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
    Sample preparation
    Experimental design
    Oral acute toxicity of CJLS in mice
    Oral 28-day repeated toxicity trial of CJLS inrats
    Oral 90-day repeated toxicity trial of CJLS inrats
    Clinical observations and body weight monitoring
    Hematological and biochemical analysis
    Statistical analysis
Results and Discussion
    BW monitoring
    Acute toxicity
    Subacute toxicity–ROW analyses
    Subacute toxicity–hematological and serum biochemicalanalyses
    Chronic toxicity–ROW analyses
    Chronic toxicity–hematological and serum biochemicalanalyses
References

• Yeong Eun Kim(R&D Team, Orion Jeju Yongamsoo, Jeju 63359, Korea)
• Hee Jung Park(Department of Foodservice Management and Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea) Corresponding author