Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) is a medicinal herb traditionally used to treat digestive disorders and stomach ulcers. In this study, the extraction characteristics of the major bioactive compounds of tarragon, estragole, eugenol, and herniarin, were determined using subcritical-water extraction (SWE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Their efficiencies, compared to conventional solvent extraction, were evaluated. For SWE, the highest yields were obtained for estragole (0.66±0.04 mg/g) at 200°C for 5 min, eugenol (0.11±0.00 mg/g) at 200°C for 15 min, and herniarin (3.35±0.09 mg/g) at 190°C for 5 min. For UAE, only herniarin (1.49±0.07 mg/g) was detected, with a maximum yield of <350 W for 10 min. For conventional solvent extraction, eugenol was not detected, for 100% methanol (45°C, 120 min), the highest yield for estragole was 0.37±0.05 mg/g, and for hot water extraction (90°C, 120 min), the yield for herniarin was 1.59±0.04 mg/g. Among the tested methods, SWE had the highest overall efficiency without the use of organic solvents, highlighting its potential as a rapid and eco-friendly technique for effective extraction of bioactive compounds from tarragon.