Slaughter of cattle, pigs, and chickens is continuously increasing. Slaughter of chickens has especially increased by approximately 50% from 2003. The quantity of poultry slaughter waste is currently approximately 120,000 tons/year, and undergoes consigned treatment. Via this process, the waste must be used as a resource and an energy source. For this purpose, the waste volume can be reduced and solid fuel can be obtained from the THR (Thermal Hydrolysis Reaction) that consumes a small amount of energy. In this study, The test was conducted at a reaction temperature of 170-220oC and for 1h at the final temperature. According to the CST (Capillary Suction Time) and TTF (Time to Filter) evaluation, the dehydrating efficiency was good after the temperature reached 190oC, and did not significantly differ at the 190oC and higher reaction temperatures. The heating value of the dehydrated solid product was 7,000-7,700 kcal/kg, and its yield rate decreased from approximately 80% to 60% with the increase in the reaction temperature. The results of the BMP test also showed that the anaerobic digestion efficiency decreased at the reaction temperatures of 200oC and higher. From the overall evaluation of the dehydrating efficiency, solid fuel quality, and anaerobic digestion efficiency during the thermal hydrolysis of poultry slaughter waste, it is concluded that the optimal operating temperature is 190oC.

The salt water generated from the salting process of kimchi production is difficult to treat biologically due to very high content of salt. When salt water is treated and discharged, it cannot satisfy the criteria for effluent water quality in clean areas, while resources such as the salt to be recycled and the industrial water are wasted. Therefore, in order to recycle salt water and improve the economy of kimchi production process, a basic study was conducted on the treatment using electrochemical oxidation of organic acids and organic matters existing in large volumes of salt water. The electrochemical treatment of organic matters has advantages over conventional methods such as active carbon absorption process, chemical oxidation, and biological treatment because the response speed is faster and it does not require expensive, harmful oxidizing agents. In this study, the electrochemical oxidation characteristics according to current density and pH were evaluated with acetic, lactic, and formic acids existing in large volumes of salt water. Acetic acid was refractory to electrochemical oxidation regardless of current density, while lactic acid showed high removal efficiency even at low amount of current. Furthermore, formic acid showed the highest current efficiency for the first 20 minutes and its removal rate increased together with the amount of current. In the experiments with the initial pH set to 4, 7, and 10, the removal rate of organic acids tended to be higher at lower pH values. Because NaCl was used as the electrolyte, HOCl was produced at pH 4 and OCl− increased at pH7. The germicidal power of HOCl is about 40-80 times higher than that of OCl−. For this reason, the generation of HOCl with excellent oxidizing power increased at pH 4 and the highest removal rate was achieved. Furthermore, as salt water contains various organic matters, an experiment on organic acid compounds was conducted to see the effects they have on electrochemical oxidation. As a result, it was found that lactic acid and formic acid could be used for simultaneous treatment even when they coexisted, whereas acetic acid is refractory to electrochemical oxidation. Furthermore, lactic acid showed the highest electrochemical treatment efficiency, followed by formic acid, and acetic acid.

This study was conducted to investigate the residual contents of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in commercial medicinal herbs in Korea in 2012. Among a total of 136 samples of 16 different kinds of herbs, 86 samples (15 Kinds) were domestic, and 50 samples (14 Kinds) were imported. Sulfur dioxide in the samples was measured by a modified Monier-Williams method. Of the 136 samples, 17 samples (12.5%, 6 Kinds) failed to meet the regulations for sulfur dioxide residues of KFDA in medicinal herbs. Among 17 unsuitable samples, 7 samples (8.1%, 3 Kinds) were domestic, and 10 samples (20.0%, 6 Kinds) were imported. The highest amount of sulfur dioxide residues was 3,167.94 mg/kg (Lycii Fructus) in the domestic samples. The detection frequency of sulfur dioxide by medicinal herb parts used, Rhizoma 25.7%, Flos 20.0%. Cortex 12.5%, Radix 15.3%, Fructus 7.6%, p-value 0.011. This results will be used as a basic data for the future legislation on the quality estimation and safety of medicinal herbs.

본 연구는 만5세 구름반 역할놀이 영역을 구성하고 운영할 때에 연구자가 인식한 문제점을 바탕으로 역할놀이 영역의 구성 및 운영 방안을 모색하고 실행하는 과정에서 교사와 유아가 어떻게 변화되었는지 살펴보는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 참여관찰, 연구자의 저널 작성, 유아면담, 지도교수와 동료교사의 면담 및 협의, 문서수집, 사진과 비디오 촬영 등의 방법으로 자료를 수집하였고, 수집된 자료는 질적 연구의 주제 분석에 따라 주의 깊게 읽고 범주화하였다. 역할놀이 영역의 구성 및 운영을 위한 실행과정으로는 ‘편안한 쉼과 아름다움이 공존하는 공간으로 꾸미기’, ‘다양하고 총체적인 역할놀이 영역으로 변신하기’, ‘역할놀이 영역의 통합적 운영’ 이었다. 실행하는 과정에서 교사는 실천적으로 반성하고 적극적으로 탐구하는 실행주체자로서 역할놀이를 좋아하고 즐기며 역할놀이 영역 운영에 대한 어려움을 긍정적인 도전과 자극으로 받아들이는 태도를 보여주었다. 또한, 유아는 역할놀이를 통해 자신의 감정을 마음껏 풀어내며 정서적으로 안정된 모습을 보여주었고, 역할놀이 영역을 자유롭고 창의적인 놀이터로써 즐기며 또래와 함께 어우러져 협력하는 태도를 보여주었다.

In this paper, we evaluate the applicability of p-y curve on the lateral behavior of monopile foundations as compared with FEM 3D models and present safety factors in case p-y curve method is used to investigate the lateral behavior of monopile foundations for 5MW offshore wind turbines in Korea.

In this research, it is shown a nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) composite columns by applying high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composite(HPFC) mortar. The developed model was considering the high-ductile characteristic of HPFC mortar. In the result, the analysis by the model was well predicted the experimental behaviors the RC composite column.

This study presents the tracker structural composition system for the effective angle variation of solar module. Also, the structural performance is evaluated through the structural modelling and analysis and the field application is considered.

Recently, the manually adjustable solar structures are reguired for the angle variation of solar module to increase the electric power efficiency. Therefore, this study presents the adjustable connections in support structure and estimates the stiffness of the connections for the structural performance evaluation of the manually adjustable solar structure

In this paper, we analyze the lateral behavior of a jacket substructure for offshore wind turbine embedded in sandy soil, and identify the differences of results by soil modeling methods that are fixed end method, coefficient of subgrade reaction method, coupled matrix method, and p-y, t-z, q-z curve methods.

Recent advancement of domestic industries and imports and exports due to increased economic power with the rise, demands the construction of the harbor structures, and a variety of structures have been constructed of reinforced concrete. Most of these harbor facilities located in the uppe rpart of the repair and reinforcement does not work smoothly. In this paper, FRP Composite Panel shows the effect applied to the harbor facilities.