In 2006, Cambodian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (CARDI) bred a high-quality tomato ‘Neang Pich’ variety. Since ‘Neang Pich’ is susceptible to Sclerotium rolfsii (S. rolfsii), it is severely affected the production major tomato growing regions. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of seven S. rolfsii tolerant rootstocks on growth and yield in graft cultivation of ‘Neang Pich’ tomato. ‘Neang Pich’ seedlings were used as scion and non-grafted control. Six eggplant genotypes (‘2017053’, ‘2017062’, ‘17CJVC2’, ‘No. 80’, ‘VI041979A’, ‘VI041996’) and a commercial tomato variety (‘Hulk’) were used as rootstock. The grafted and non-grafted tomatoes were grown in a plastic greenhouse and open field. The survival rate of plants did not differ between plastic greenhouse (80.2%) and open field (79.5%). The top and root fresh weight of plants grown in a plastic greenhouse increased by 77% and 11% compared to the open field and the dry weight increased by 48% and 10%, respectively. The top (309 g) and root (18.9 g) fresh weight, and the top (90.5 g) and root (6.39 g) dry weight depending on rootstock were the highest in plants grafted onto ‘2017062’. The yield of tomatoes in a plastic greenhouse (19.5 MT/ha) was 65% higher than that of open field (11.8 MT/ha). The yield of tomatoes depending on rootstock were the highest in ‘2017062’ (17.8 MT/ha). The effect of cultivation practice and grafting on pH and sugar content (oBrix) of the fruit was non-significant difference (p0.05). The scion diameter, top fresh weight, fruit weight and yield (MT/ha) were significant difference (p0.05) in the interaction effect between tomato cultivation practices (plastic greenhouse and open field) and rootstock.

Background: Leydig cells, crucial for testosterone production, express ion channels like ANO1 that influence hormone secretion. This study investigates the expression and role of the Tandem of P domains in a weak inward rectifying K+ channel-related Acid-Sensitive K+-1 (TASK-1) channel in these cells, exploring its impact on testicular function and steroidogenesis. Methods: TASK-1 expression in Leydig cells was confirmed using immunostaining, while RT-PCR and Western Blot (WB) validated its expression in the TM3 Leydig cell line. The effect of a TASK-1 channel blocker on cell viability was assessed through live/dead staining and MTT assays. Additionally, the blocker’s effect on testosterone secretion was evaluated by measuring testosterone levels. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a predominant presence of TASK- 1, along with c-Kit and ANO-1, in Leydig cells adjacent to seminiferous tubules and also in Sertoli and spermatogenic cells. Expression levels of TASK-1 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in TM3 Leydig cells compared to TM4 Sertoli cells. In addition, blocking TASK-1 in TM3 cells with ML365 induced cell death but did not affect LHinduced testosterone secretion. Conclusions: These findings suggest that TASK-1 in Leydig cells is crucial for their viability and proliferation, highlighting its potential importance in testicular physiology.

Background: The compression therapy, which is the standard treatment for lymphedema patients, may be difficult to implement and contraindicated to some patients depending on their health condition. Objects: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether kinesiology taping (KT) can be used effectively and safely in the management of lymphedema as an alternative treatment through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: In February 2023, the literature was systematically collected through eight search engines with a combination of terms, ‘lymphedema’ and ‘kinesiology taping.’ We qualitatively analyzed the differences and safety of KT methods, and quantitatively meta-analyzed the effects of volume reduction in edema, range of motion (ROM), and pain improvement using Review Manager ver. 5. 4. To assess the risk of bias in the randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies, Risk of Bias was used. Results: A total of 616 articles searched and 20 studies were selected, including 12 RCTs and eight case studies. KT intervention could not replace multilayer compression bandage (MLB), but it demonstrated similar or better results compared to compression garment (CG), with reduced pain and improved intervention comfort. Studies reported skin adverse events ranging from 2.5% to 20.68%, with a total adverse event incidence of 7.7%. There was no significant difference in the application method of KT. As a result of the meta-analysis from the 8 RCTs, the KT intervention showed a mean difference (MD) of –7.18 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) [–12.64 to –1.72] in the volume change of lymphedema, while the pain difference was MD 0.82 with CI 95% [0.50 to 1.15], in comparison to the MLB and CG intervention. Conclusion: KT therapy led to a reduction in edema size, volume, pain, and improved ROM and quality of life. KT may be a viable option for lymphedema patients who have trouble applying traditional compression therapies.

Background: Porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs) would provide enormous potential for agriculture and biomedicine. However, authentic pPSCs have not established yet because standards for pPSCs-specific markers and culture conditions are not clear. Therefore, the present study reports comparative pluripotency characteristics in porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) derived from different viral transduction and reprogramming factors [Lenti-iPSCs (OSKM), Lenti-iPSCs (OSKMNL) and Sev-iPSCs (OSKM)]. Methods: Porcine fibroblasts were induced into Lenti-iPSCs (OSKM) and Lenti-iPSCs (OSKMNL) by using Lentiviral vector and Sev-iPSCs (OSKM) by using Sendaiviral vector. Expressions of endogenous or exogenous pluripotency-associated genes, surface marker and in vitro differentiation in between Lenti-piPSCs (OSKM), Lenti-iPSCs (OSKMNL) and Sev-piPSCs (OSKM) were compared. Results: Colonial morphology of Lenti-iPSCs (OSKMNL) closely resembles the naïve mouse embryonic stem cells colony for culture, whereas Sev-iPSCs (OSKM) colony is similar to the primed hESCs. Also, the activity of AP shows a distinct different in piPSCs (AP-positive (+) Lenti-iPSCs (OSKMNL) and Sev-iPSCs (OSKM), but AP-negative (-) LentiiPSCs (OSKM)). mRNAs expression of several marker genes (OCT-3/4, NANOG and SOX2) for pluripotency was increased in Lenti-iPSCs (OSKMNL) and Sev-iPSCs (OSKM), but Sev-iPSCs (OSKM). Interestingly, SSEA-1 of surface markers was expressed only in Sev-iPSCs (OSKM), whereas SSEA-4, Tra-1-60 and Tra-1-81 were positively expressed in Lenti-iPSCs (OSKMNL). Exogenous reprogramming factors continuously expressed in Lenti-iPSCs (OSKMNL) for passage 20, whereas Sev-iPSCs (OSKM) did not express any exogenous transcription factors. Finally, only Lenti-iPSCs (OSKMNL) express the three germ layers and primordial germ cells markers in aggregated EBs. Conclusions: These results indicate that the viral transduction system of reprograming factors into porcine differentiated cells display different pluripotency characteristics in piPSCs.

백합 종간 교잡종은 다양한 교배 방법에 의해 생산되어지 고 있다. 그러나 이들 종간 교잡종은 대부분 불임이다. 2n gametes는 백합에서 종간 교잡종 F1의 불임을 극복할 수 있 을 뿐 아니라 우수한 유전형질을 지닌 2n과의 교배에 이용할 수 있고 후대 다양한 유전형질을 기대할 수 있다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 가장 효과적으로 2n gametes를 생산할 수 있는 방법을 구축하기 위하여 백합 Oriental hybrids ‘Medusa’와 ‘Marco Polo’에 N2O를 처리하였다. 같은 Oriental 그룹 내 에서도 ‘Medusa’와 ‘Marco Polo’는 화뢰 크기별 감수분열 시기가 달랐다. 감수분열 tetrad 시기에 염색체를 관찰한 결 과 sequential spindles, tripolar spindles에 의해 2가지 다른 형태가 관찰되었다. ‘Medusa’에서 2atm의 N2O를 처리 한 화뢰 길이 10~15mm와 20~25mm에서 monad, dyad, triad, tetrad가 관찰되었다. 그러나 4atm에서는 tetrad 이외에는 검경 되지 않았다. ‘Marco polo’의 경우 화뢰 길 이 10~15mm, 25~30mm 시기에 2, 4atm의 N2O를 12, 24 시간 동안 처리한 구에서 모두 dyad, triad가 관찰되었다. ‘Medusa’, ‘Marco Polo’ 모두 dyad, triad, tetrad가 관찰 된 시기는 대조구에서 interphase와 metaphase Ⅰ에 해당 하는 시기이다. 화분의 모양은 타원형으로 처리 전·후 변화가 없었으며 처리 후 화분의 크기는 n 보다 큰 화분뿐 아니라 작 은 화분도 관찰되어 전체적으로 다양했다. 화분의 임성과 발 아율은 처리구별로 차이가 없었으나 평균적으로 처리 후가 무처리구보다 임성은 약 10%, 발아는 약 20% 정도 떨어졌다. ‘Medusa’와 ‘Marco Polo’를 이용하여 N2O를 처리한 것과 처리하지 않은 것을 정역 교배하였을 때 자방이 비대 되는 형 태가 2가지이었으나 처리 별 차이는 아니었다. 획득된 식물체 를 Flow cytometry로 검정한 결과, 무처리 ‘Marco Polo’와 2atm 24시간 32mm에 처리한 ‘Medusa’의 교배를 통해 하 나의 식물체에서 2배체와 3배체가 모두 나오는 mixoploid를 확인할 수 있었다. 그 외 실험을 통해 얻은 식물체 중에서 이 수체가 4개 발견되었다. 확실한 3배체를 가진 식물체는 관찰 할 수 없었다.

Background: Ankle sprains occur frequently among humans who undertake various body movements. Diverse walking environments and dual tasks, that can affect ankle sprains, have been studied. However, there is a lack of research on inter-trial variability according to the changes in gait speed. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the adaptive ability of walking between the subjects with chronic ankle instability and healthy adults while performing a walking task with different walking speeds. Methods: In this study, 24 people in the chronic ankle instability group and 24 people in the healthy ankle group were selected as subjects. The length of the pre-measurement and the actual walking measurement were both set to 4.6 m. Once the subjects entered the measurement section, they changed their gait speed according to the randomly assigned speed change. Gait was measured twice and the average value was used for the analysis. Results: The coefficient of variation (CV) of cycle time in subjects with chronic ankle instability showed a significant difference in all cases except when the subjects changed their speed from preferred to slow and from slow to preferred. The CV of step length demonstrated a significant difference in all cases except for the change from slow to preferred and from preferred to fast. The cycle time and step length differential showed a significant difference only when the subjects changed the speed from slow to fast. Conclusion: The subjects with chronic ankle instability were found to have significantly reduced walking adaptability while performing inter-trial variability tasks with different gait speeds compared to healthy subjects.

Background: Recently, the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) method, which incorporates not only genomic information but also phenotypic information of pedigree, is under study. In this study, we performed a ssGBLUP analysis on a commercial Hanwoo population using phenotypic, genotypic, and pedigree data. Methods: The test population comprised Hanwoo 1,740 heads raised in four regions of Korea, while the reference population used Hanwoo 18,499 heads raised across the country and two-generation pedigree data. Analysis was performed using genotype data generated by the Hanwoo 50 K SNP beadchip. Results: The mean Genome estimated breeding values (GEBVs) estimated using the ssGBLUP methods for carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back fat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (MS) were 7.348, 1.515, -0.355, and 0.040, respectively, while the accuracy of each trait was 0.749, 0.733, 0.769, and 0.768, respectively. When the correlation analysis between the GEBVs as a result of this study and the actual slaughter performance was confirmed, CWT, EMA, BFT, and MS were reported to be 0.519, 0.435, 0.444, and 0.543, respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the ssGBLUP method enables a more accurate evaluation because it conducts a genetic evaluation of an individual using not only genotype information but also phenotypic information of the pedigree. Individual evaluation using the ssGBLUP method is considered effective for enhancing the genetic ability of farms and enabling accurate and rapid improvements. It is considered that if more pedigree information of reference population is collected for analysis, genetic ability can be evaluated more accurately.

제충국(Tanacetum cineariaiaefolium), 데리스(Derris elliptica), 고삼(Sophora flavescens) 추출물은 다양한 해충을 방제하는데 사용되고 있다. 하지만, 국내에서 판매되고 있는 식물추춞물 자재는 유효성분의 표기가 없고, 살충농도와 살충시간에 대한 자료가 전무한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 상 용화된 주요 식물추출물의 살충유효성분의 농도를 결정하고 복숭아혹진딧물에 대해 살충농도와 살충시간을 측정하였다. 식물추출물의 살충활성성분 인 pyrethrins, rotenone, matrine과 oxymatrine의 농도는 액체 크로마토그래피에서 표준물질을 활용하여 질량분석을 통해 측정하였다. 식물추출 물을 농도별로 희석하여 복숭아혹진딧물에 살포하여 살충력을 측정하였다. 표준화합물과 비교한 후 질량분석 및 결정했습니다. Myzus persicae에 대 한 lethal concentation과 lethal time을 조사했다. 살포 후 48시간 후 치사 농도(LC50)는 pyrethrins (20.4 ppm), roteone (34.1 ppm), matrine (29.6 ppm)였고, 100 ppm 살포한 LT50은 pyrethrins (13.4시간), rotenone (15.1시간), matrine (14.4시간)로 측정되었다. Kaplan-Meier 생존분 석 결과, 100 ppm에서 세 가지 식물 추출물의 LT50은 대조구인 화학 살충제인 Sulfoxaflor를 살포 처리구보다 유의하게 빨랐습니다. 본 결과는 복숭 아혹진딧물 방제를 위해 식물추출물의 제형화에 단일 또는 혼합 제제를 개발하는데 기준 살충농도와 살충시간을 제고하는데 의미가 있다.

식물의 흡수를 통한 공기오염물질 제거는 생육 상태에 따라 그 효과가 달라진다. 실내에서 토양수분의 공급은 식물의 생 육을 위한 기본적인 관리 사항이다. 따라서 본 연구는 토양수 분함량에 따른 생리적 반응이 가스상 공기오염물질인 톨루엔 저감에 미치는 영향을 구명하고, 최적의 생육과 공기 정화 효 과를 위한 적정 토양수분함량을 찾고자 수행하였다. 이를 위 해 스파티필름과 파키라를 사용하여 40일 동안의 평균 토양 수분함량을 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%로 처리한 후 양자수율, 광 합성률, 기공전도도, 증산량 등 생리적 지수와 엽면적당 톨루 엔 저감량을 측정하였다. 그 결과 스파티필름은 토양수분함량 을 20~25%로 관리할 때 생육이 양호하고 최적의 톨루엔 저 감 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 10% 이하 건조에 대한 주의가 요구된다. 반면 파키라는 토양수분함량 20% 이 하 처리구에서 톨루엔 저감량이 증가하였으나 10% 처리구에 서 생장량이 저하될 가능성이 있으므로, 공기 정화와 생육을 위한 최적 토양수분함량은 15~20% 범위이며, 25% 이상으로 장기간 유지하는 것은 과습을 유발할 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

Aligned with the recent shift in fruit consumption trends, there is a growing increase in the cultivation of these fruits. Thus, various types of small fruits, including blueberries, have recently been introduced and cultivated in Korea. According to the data, there has been a notable uptick in blueberry farming, in stark contrast to the decline in cultivation of black raspberries, black chokeberries, and blackcurrants. New varieties of blueberries continue to be introduced and cultivated, aligning with the recent consumption trends and are expected to be consistently cultivated in the future. Despite the decrease in the other berries, health benefits associated with all berries have ignited growing consumer interest, resulting in domestic and international market expansion. In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of identifying plant varieties that are well-suited to Korea's climatic conditions, validating efficient cultivation strategies, and establishing robust distribution networks to foster sustainable development in the berry industry.

Forward head posture (FHP) is a musculoskeletal disorder that causes neck pain. Several exercise interventions have been used in South Korea to improve craniovertebral angle (CVA) and relieve neck pain. There has been no domestic literature review study over the past 5 years that has investigated trends and effects of exercise intervention methods for CVA with neck pain. This domestic literature review aimed to evaluate the trends and effects of exercise interventions on CVA and neck pain in persons with FHP. A review of domestic literature published in Korean or English language between 2018 and 2022 was performed. Literature search was conducted on Google Scholar and Korea Citation Index by using the following keywords: “exercise,” “exercise therapy,” “exercise program,” “forward head posture,” and “neck pain.” Ten studies were included in this review. All of the studies showed positive improvements after intervention programs that included exercises. Notably, four of these studies demonstrated significant differences in results between the experimental and control groups. Among the 10 studies, nine measured visual analogue scale or numerical rating scale scores and reported significant reductions in pain following interventions, including exercise programs. Five of these studies showed significant differences in results between the experimental and control groups. Furthermore, six studies that used neck disability index exhibited a significant decrease in symptoms after implementing intervention programs that included exercise, and significant differences in results were found between the experimental and control groups. This domestic literature review provides consistent evidence to support the application of various exercise intervention programs to improve CVA and relieve neck pain from FHP. Further studies are warranted to review the effects of various exercise interventions on FHP reported not only in domestic but also in international literature.

본 연구는 대한민국 울릉도 특산식물인 추산쑥부쟁이(Aster × chusanensis Y.S.Lim, Hyun, Y.D.Kim & H.C.Shin)의 기내 대량증식체계 확립을 위해 시토키닌 계열 식물생장조절 제를 첨가하여 캘러스 및 신초 형성 조건을 구명하고자 수행 하였다. 실험결과, 추산쑥부쟁이의 줄기 절편체에서 캘러스 와 신초가 형성되었다. 캘러스 형성률은 TDZ 3.0mg·L-1처 리구에서 88.9%로 가장 높았고 BAP 3.0mg·L-1와 Zeatin 3.0mg·L-1 처리구는 66.7%, 2iP 3.0mg·L-1 처리구에서는 11.1%였다. 신초 형성률은 모든 처리구에서 77% 이상이고 특히 TDZ처리구와 Zeatin 처리구에서 100%였다. 그러나 TDZ처리구에서는 형성된 신초가 부풀어 오르거나, 잎에 과수 성이 나타나는 등 형태적 기형이 나타났다. Zeatin처리구에 서 발생한 신초는 정상적인 형태를 나타났다. 잎 절편체에서 는 캘러스, 신초가 발생하지 않았으며 절편체가 탈색하며 고 사하는 것을 확인하였다. 종합적으로 추산쑥부쟁이의 캘러 스 및 신초 형성을 위해서는 줄기 절편체를 배양 재료로 이 용하는 것이 효과적으로 확인되었다. 캘러스 유도에는 TDZ 3.0mg·L-1처리가 가장 효과적이었고, 추후 NAA와 같은 옥신 을 함께 첨가하여 증식 효과를 분석하는 연구가 필요할 것이 다. 또한, 신초 유도에도 TDZ 3.0mg·L-1 처리가 효과적이었 으나 장기간, 고농도로 사용할 경우 형태적인 기형이 발생할 수 있어 정상적인 식물생산에 부적합한 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 형태적 기형이 발생하지 않은 아데닌 유도체형 시토키 닌인 Zeatin을 활용하는 것을 추천한다. 본 연구는 울릉도 특 산식물인 추산쑥부쟁이의 기내 대량증식과 생태계 유지에 필 요한 종 공급을 위한 대량증식 체계 구축을 위한 자료로 활용 할 수 있을 것이다.

Fungal contaminant in the indoor air is one of risk factors that could damage valuable paper-based records preserved in libraries. In the process of monitoring airborne fungi at the Nara Repository, the National Archives, Seoul, Korea, three fungal strains, DUCC 16098, DUCC 17764, and DUCC17767 were isolated from the archive’s air samples. Fungal identification was performed based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the 28S LSU rDNA, and β-tubulin gene (BenA), and TEF1-α gene. These DUCC 16098, DUCC 17764 and DUCC17767 strains were identified as Clonostachys farinosa, Penicillium cosmopolitanum, and Cephalotrichum purpureofuscum. These species have not been recorded before in Korea. Information on these fungi will help the monitoring and management of airborne fungi in the archival facilities.

Brachydeutera Loew, 1862(코주부물가파리속, 신칭)는 물가파리과, 물가파리아과에 속하는 작은 분류군이다. 지금까지 이 속에는 전 세계 적으로 16종이 기록되어 있으며, 모든 동물구계에서 발견되지만 아열대 및 열대 지방, 특히 아프리카와 아시아에서 종 다양성이 풍부하다. 본 연구 를 통해 Brachydeutera속을 국내 미기록종 B. meridionalis (Rondani, 1856)(코주부물가파리, 신칭)과 함께 처음으로 보고하며, 이 종에 대한 진단 형질, 형태학적 사진 및 생태사진을 제공하였다.

Background: Water deer and sika deer, which breed in the wild environment, are known to have similar reproductive physiology mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the differences in uterine development between water deer and sika deer during estrus. Methods: MMPs and uterine development-related factors were analyzed and morphological differences were compared in the uterus of sika deer captured near Russia near Korea and water deer captured in the wild in Korea. Results: In terms of morphological differences in the uterus, the glands that form villus within the endometrium of the water deer were newly developed, and the formation of small glands was high, but the villus and glands of the sika deer were expanded, and the stroma zone in the myometrium was higher than that of the water deer. Development has increased. Additionally, the expression of PAPP-A and VEGF factors was increased in the endometrium of water deer than in sika deer, but the actions of MMPs were increased in sika deer. Conclusions: As a result of this study, there is a significant difference in the development of glands in the endometrium of water deer and sika deer during estrus, and it is believed that there is a significant difference in the development of the uterus due to the physiological effects of estrus between water deer and sika deer. Additionally, it is believed that there will be differences in the timing at which pregnancy can be decided.

본 연구는 토양 용토, 호르몬 종류 및 농도, 잎의 모양 차이 에 따른 넓은산꼬리풀의 삽목 발근을 확인하기 위하여 수행되 었다. 토양 용토는 단일 원예용상토와 녹소토 그리고 원예용 상토:녹소토(1:1) 혼합용토를 사용하였다. 호르몬 종류는 IBA 와 NAA를 사용했으며 각각 무처리, 100, 500, 1000㎎·L-1를 처리했다. 잎의 모양은 잎 두매가 온전하게 달린 삽수, 잎 두 매를 반으로 자른 삽수 그리고 잎 한매를 반으로 자른 삽수를 조제하여 사용했다. 용토에 따른 발근은 녹소토를 단일로 사 용한 처리에서 가장 우수하게 나타났으며 원예용상토를 단일 로 사용한 처리에서 발근이 저조하였다. 호르몬에 따른 발근 은 IBA와 NAA에 따라 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 생물의 biomass를 나타내는 건물중이 NAA 보다 IBA에서 높게 나 타난 것으로 보아 IBA가 더 효과적인 것으로 판단된다. 잎 모 양에 따른 발근은 잎 한장을 반으로 자른 삽수가 가장 높은 생육이 나타났으며 온전한 잎 두장이 붙어있는 처리는 생육이 가장 낮게 나타난 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 넓은산꼬리 풀은 삽목시 반으로 잘린 잎이 한장만 붙어있는 삽수를 저농 도의 IBA에 침지 후 녹소토에 꽂는 것이 삽목에 효과적일 것 으로 보여 진다.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and postural impairments caused by central nervous system dysfunction. It significantly impacts children’s daily functioning and quality of life. Physical therapy is a crucial intervention for children with CP that aims to improve motor skills and functional abilities. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of holistic physical therapy approaches methods specifically designed for children with CP and examine recent research trends and their implications for optimizing outcomes in this population. This study employed a narrative review approach, conducting a comprehensive examination of the current literature pertaining to physical therapy methods for children with CP. The review encompassed studies exploring assessment techniques, evidence-based interventions, and innovative approaches in the field. It was discerned that encompassing physical therapy strategies, which encompass individualized treatment plans, evidence-based interventions, and the integration of innovative techniques, yield a favorable influence on the motor skills and functional capacities of children with CP. This review synthesizes the current knowledge on effective physical therapeutic strategies for children with CP. Furthermore, this review highlights the need for continued research and innovation in the field of pediatric physical therapy for CP.

󰡔유몽천자(牖蒙千字)󰡕는 한국개신교선교사 게일(James Scarth Gale(한국명 : 奇一), 1863-1937)과 그의 조사(pundit) 이창직(李昌稙, 1866-1936)이 함께 편찬한 경신 학교와 정신여학교의 교과서이다. 이 책은 총 4권으로 구성된 교재다. 여기에 실린 내용 은 자연과학, 사회과학, 서양의 역사, 서양의 인물, 서양의 문학, 우리의 한문고전에 관한 것 등으로 이루어져 있다. 더불어 개화기에 우리의 어문 생활에 필요하다고 생각한 한자 와 관련 정보, 한자어, 국한문, 한문에 관한 지식을 정식 학교 교육을 받는 학생들에게 알 려 주기 위하여 편찬한 것이다. 본고에서는 이러한 󰡔유몽천자󰡕 전집의 체계와 구성, 전 집을 구성하는 3가지 문체 유형, 그리고 전집에 새겨져 있는 개신교선교사의 문체실험의 역사를 고찰했다.

This study investigated whether the framework of writing for English learners should be guided by the well-established reading-writing relation or by the receptive and productive nature of literacy skills. The writings of 209 advanced English learners in Korea were analyzed in relation to receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension while controlling for writing fluency. Two sets of structural equation models were fitted: (1) productive skills (productive vocabulary and writing fluency) mediating receptive skills (receptive vocabulary and reading) and (2) reading mediating receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge. The results supported the second model in which reading completely mediated the contribution of receptive and productive vocabulary to writing. Although there were no direct effects of receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge, both had significant indirect effects on writing through reading and writing fluency. These results show that reading has a strong direct effect on writing above and beyond vocabulary, and that vocabulary knowledge contributes to writing development through reading.

This study was conducted to determine the acceptability of locally accepted japonica rice varieties among 53 farmers in Bohol and 38 farmers in Nueva Ecija, who were further classified into adopters and non-adopters of the GUVA japonica rice variety. Snowball sampling was made on farmer adopters/cooperators of a high-quality seed multiplication and dissemination project in the said provinces. The farmer respondents were mostly male whose ages ranged from 30 to 80 years and with farm sizes from 0.5 to 16 hectares. The farmers’ rice variety and usage were assessed by comparing the GUVA japonica rice variety with their commonly planted indica rice variety based on its agronomic characteristics, yield and income potential, and seed purity concerns. The barriers/hesitations to adoption of the GUVA japonica rice variety, namely seed availability, varietal information, and market potential, must be complemented with the suggested improvements on the variety together with factors that convince the farmers for committed use of this variety. Researchers together with partner agencies must put a lot of thought on how to integrate and synchronize these concerns so that the farmers can adopt GUVA japonica rice. Interest check on the usage of GUVA japonica rice variety in rice production as well as suggested improvements were solicited as the basis for continuous R&D pursuits that would eventually promote and adopt the GUVA japonica rice variety from these provinces.