Until now, problems related to shortage of organ for transplantation have been continuing. Pigs are the most suitable animal for xenotransplantation. Although primates are most similar to humans, they are not suitable because they have low productivity. Pigs are more productive than primates, and their organ size and physiological characteristics are similar to humans, with the exception of primates. In this study, we breeding the transgenic minipigs using natural mating to produce transgenic pigs. And, transgenic pigs has transmission rate that follow mendel’s rule. There are 20% hDAF gene, 20% US11 gene and 50% both hDAF and US11 gene in transgenic offsprings. Furthermore, transgenic pigs followed normal litter size, and piglets also has normal sex ratio. To suppress the immune function, experiments were performed using porcine ear fibroblast that transfected with hDAF and US11gene. In Cytotoxicity experiment against human complement, hDAF gene and double transgenic cell with both hDAF and US11 gene showed effect to reduce cytotoxicity rate in all of human complement condition. US11 gene and double transgenic cell were significantly reduce the cytotoxicity ratio in human NK cell. Besides, hDAF gene transgenic cell also reduce immune response in 10:1 concentration of human NK cell. In conclusion, natural mating was efficient method for breeding transgenic pigs. And, hDAF and US11 genes has effect for reduce cytotoxicity against human NK cell and human complement conditions.

In the present study, we make a first report on the complete mitochondrial DNA genome of Leptaulax koreanus, a Korean endemic species, in Passalidae. The mitogenome is 18,730 base pairs with 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs and a 4240 bp long AT-rich region. The overall base composition is 78.4% AT and 21.6% GC. The maximum likelihood analysis inferred that L. koreanus is a sister to other Scarabaeoidea species. The phylogeny suggested that L. koreanus is the basal group of Scarabaeoidea.

2017년 경북지역은 약 700ha 이상의 면적에서 미국선녀벌레의 피해를 입었다. 그 중 600ha의 피해면적이 떫은감 주요 생산지인 청도군에서 발생하였다. 미국선녀벌레의 효율적인 방제를 위해 2018년 5월 상순에 침투이행성 약제를 토양에 처리하여 약충이 부화하기 전감나무 수체 내 약제를 이행시켜 방제효과를 조사하였다. 토양입제처리의 방제효과 조사를 위하여 토양입제 단독처리(5월 상순), 경엽살포 단독처리(6월 중순), 토양입제(5월 상순) 및 경엽살포(6월 중순) 체계처리를 비교하였다. 조사결과 토양입제 단독처리 시 약제처리 후 약 70일 이상 90%이상의 방제효과가 지속되었고, 경엽살포 단독처리 시 약제처리 후 약 2주 동안 90%이상의 방제효과를 보인 뒤 방제효과가 감소하였다. 또한 토양입제 및 경엽살포 체계처리 시 약제처리 후 약 70일 동안 95%이상의 높은 방제효과를 보였다.

기존 발표된 CLIMEX 매개변수와 RCP 8.5 시나리오에서의 기후자료를 이용하여 우리나라 금지급 과실파리 12종의 국내에서의 향후 기후적합도를 산출하고 국내정착가능 여부를 평가하였다. 열대내지 아열대성인 Anastrepha ludens와 A.obliqua, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Bactrocera latifrons, B.tryoni, Ceratitis capitata, C.rosa는 모두 2010년대에는 제주도 남부지방 또는 해안가 일부가 경계 지역으로써 정착 가능한 것으로 평가되었다. B.correcta와 B.zonata는 2010년대에 제주 산간을 제외한 전역과 남해안 극히 일부 지역이 경계 지역에 포함되며, B.zonata, B.latifrons의 경우 제주에 적절내지 최적 지역이 형성되었다. 중북부, 내륙에서 이들 종의 기후적합성이 부적절한 것은 주로 저온 스트레스에 의한 것으로써 지구 온난화에 의해 기온이 상승하면서 2090년대에는 경계지역 범위가 해안가를 따라 상승하였다. 한편, B.tsuneonis와 Rhagoletis pomonella는 온대성 과실파리로서 주된 스트레스 요인은 습윤 스트레스였다. B.tsuneonis 는 2010년대부터 국내 산간을 제외한 대부분 지역이 이들 종의 최적 지역에 포함되었으며 그 범위는 점점 확장되었다. R.pomonella는 국내 대부분 지역이 적절 지역으로 평가되나 2050년, 2090년대에는 제주도 산간을 중심으로 정착 부절절 지역의 면적이 확장되었다. 한편, R.indifferens는 국내 중부지역을 중심으로 한 중산간 지역이 경계내지 적절 기후로 평가되나 정착가능 면적은 점차로 좁아져 2090년대에는 산간 극히 일부지역만 경계 지역으로 포함되었다.

황색점착트랩의 설치각도에 따른 고설재배 딸기해충의 유인 특성을 구명하기 위해 수직, 수평 앞면 및 뒷면, 45도 앞면 및 뒷면 등으로 달리 설치하고 유인된 해충수를 조사하였다. 모든 트랩은 딸기 포기 정상부로부터 30cm 높이에 트랩의 중심이 오도록 설치하였다. 총채벌레류의 경우 45도 윗면, 수직, 수평 윗면은 45도 뒷면이나 수평 뒷면보다 많은 수가 유인되었다. 또한 트랩내 공간위치에 따라 유인수가 달랐는데, 수직트랩에서는 주로 상단부와 좌우 가장자리에 많은 수가 유살되는 경향이었다. 다른 각도의 트랩은 위치에 따른 경향성이 없었다. 뿌리파리류는 수직, 45도 위면, 수평 윗면 순으로 많은 유인수를 보였으며, 45도 뒷면과 수평 뒷면보다 유인수가 높았다. 수직과 45도 윗면 트랩에서는 좌우 가장자리에 많은 유살수를 보였다. 매미충류는 수직 또는 45도 위면 트랩에서 통계적으로 많은 수가 유살되었고 전체적으로 45도 뒷면, 수평 윗면이나 뒷면은 적은 수가 유살되었다. 수직과 45도 윗면, 수평 윗면 트랩에서 중앙자리를 중심으로 높은 유살수가 나타났다. 진딧물과 가루이류는 발생밀도가 낮은 관계로 뚜렷한 경향이 나타나지 않았다.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate if main domestic vector mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus as a diurnal species and Culex pipiens as a nocturnal species, have color preference for blood feeding activity. Laboratory evaluations were performed and compared to assess color attractiveness using seven fundamental colors including black, white, red, yellow, green, blue, and purple. The test bodies selected for these experiments were BioGents Sentinel traps (BG traps) with 20g dry ice in each falcon tube, which covered outside of the traps attached with each different color of vinyl sheets. In each experiment, a pair of BG traps was placed 0.6 m away from each other in a 1.8 m x 3.7 m x 1.8 m screened enclosure. The enclosure maintained at 26±2℃, 65±5% RH, and 100 lux illumination. Evaluations were performed for two hours between 10:00 and 16:00 for each 25 Ae. ablopictus females and 15 hours from 18:00 to 9:00 for each 25 Cx. pipiens females. The attraction rates were determined by a series of 42 simultaneous pairs of sample counts of the number of mosquitoes caught in the traps at every 30 minutes. As a result, black traps collected the largest number of Ae. albopictus as a mean 0.7 of 1.0 for Mosquito Preference Index (MPI), followed closely by red, blue, and purple (MPIs, 0.6) that were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of green (MPI, 0.5), white (MPI, 0.3), and yellow (MPI, 0.2). Similarly, the MPIs for Cx. pipiens were significantly higher at black and red traps (MPIs, 0.7) but the MPIs (0.3) at white and yellow traps were significantly lower than those of the other colors.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate if main domestic vector mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus as a diurnal species and Culex pipiens as a nocturnal species, have correlation between reflecting luminous intensity of colors and preference for blood feeding activity. Laboratory evaluations were performed and the mosquito preferences were compared to three different color brightness such as light, primary, and dark for five fundamental color series including red, yellow, green, blue, and purple. The test bodies selected for these experiments were BioGents Sentinel traps (BG traps) with 20g dry ice in each falcon tube, which covered outside of the traps attached with three different luminous intensities such as light, primary, and dark for each different color of paper sheets. In each experiment, a pair of BG traps was placed 0.6 m away from each other in a 1.8 m x 3.7 m x 1.8 m screened enclosure. The enclosure maintained at 26±2℃, 65±5% RH, and 100 lux illumination. Evaluations were performed for two hours between 10:00 and 16:00 for each 25 Ae. ablopictus females and 15 hours from 18:00 to 9:00 for each 25 Cx. pipiens females. Each experiment was replicated four times. As a result, reflecting luminous intensity (L-value) affected and correlated negatively to the preference of the two mosquito species but the fundamental colors, green-red (a-value) and blue-yellow (b-value) were not correlated significantly to the preference (p=0.05). Aedes ablopictus females were preferred for feeding activity more to lower L-values of the colors and correlated negatively between color preference of the mosquitoes and the L-values such as r = -0.584 (p=0.003) for red, r = -0.606 (p=0.002) for yellow, r = -0.620 (p=0.001) for green, and r = -0.463 (p=0.023) for blue except purple (r = -0.129; p=0.549). Similarly, Cx. pipiens females were correlated negatively such as r = -0.590 (p=0.002) for red, r = -0.564 (p=0.005) for yellow, r = -0.687 (p=0.000) for green, r = -0.623 (p=0.001) for blue, and r = -0.689 (p=0.000). In conclusion, the color brightness were negatively correlated to the feeding activity of the two vector mosquito species but not the wavelength of visible ray. Also, the mosquito females preferred significantly darker ones in the same color series (p<0.05) except purple for Ae. ablopictus females.

Clover cyst nematode, Heterodera trifolii have recently been identified as a serious pest to Chinese cabbage in highland area of Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the host specificity effect of H. trifolii by their inoculation density and temperature on Chinese cabbage and kale in pot in laboratory condition. H. trifolii inoculated with (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 eggs /g soil), where the number of female resulted higher in Chinese cabbage than in kale but there was no statistical differences between them. The number of cysts did not show any variation by their inoculation density in both plants. The results depicted the proliferation of H. trifolii by temperature (15, 20, 25, 30℃), where the number of females, cysts and eggs has their highest proliferation in 20℃ condition. The study thus demonstrated that, Chinese cabbage is considered a suitable host of the clover cyst nematode compared to the kale and the suitable temperature of the reproduction is estimated as 20°C.

식물에게 있어 화분매개는 필수적인 요소 중 하나인데, 화분매개를 하는 식물 중 50%이상이 곤충에 의해 화분매개가 이루어지고 있다. 화분매개를 하는 곤충에 대한 조사는 주로 농업과 관련되어 있는 과수작물 주변의 화분매개곤충에 대해 조사가 되어있지만, 정작 양봉과 관련되어 있는 밀원식물 주변의 화분매개곤충은 조사된 바가 없다. 이에 연구진은 밀원식물 중 국내에서 가장 많은 양봉생산물을 만드는 아까시나무(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)의 개화시기에 맞춰서 화분매개곤충을 조사하였다. 조사지역은 총 6군데로, 백두대간을 중심으로 RCP 기후변화 시나리오에 의해 지정되었다. 조사 결과, 전체적으로 6목 60과 183종 1,555개체의 화분매개곤충이 채집되었다. 이중, 가장 많이 채집된 종은 노린재목의 애긴노린재(Nysius plebejus)로 약 21.30%가 채집되었다. 채집된 종을 군집분석한 결과, 강릉지역이 가장 안정적인 생태계를 유지하고 있으며, 완주지역이 가장 불완전한 생태계를 유지하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

The genus Nipponopsyche Yazaki is reported from Korea with an unrecorded species, N. fuscescens Yazaki for the first time. Adult, larva, pupa and genitalia of the species are redescribed with SEM illustrations, and DNA barcode for precise identification of the species is also provided.

The genus Pachynoa Lederer, 1863 reported 13 species in the world. This genus was established by Lederer, 1863 have been treated within the genera Pitacanda Moore, 1886 by Hampson, 1896 and Hypermeces Turner, 1933 by Shaffer et al., 1996. Species of the genus Pachynoa are mostly distributed from India and Taiwan to Solomon island. In this study, the genus Pachynoa is newly recorded in Laos with two species, Pachynoa xanthochyta (Turner, 1933) and Pachynoa thoosalis (Walker, 1859). These species are redescribed with illustrations of the adults and the genitalia, and their distribution is updated.

Xyrosaris Meyrick, 1907 is a small genus of the family Yponomeutidae, established by Meyrick (1907) for its type species Xyrosaris dyropa Meyrick, 1907. A total of nine species were recognized in the world. Most of species of the genus have been described by Meyrick at the early 20th century. Up to date, X. lichneuta Meyrick, 1918 has been reported from Korea. In the present study, we review the genus Xyrosaris from Korea, with two new species: X. sp.1 and X. sp.2. Key to species, illustrations of adult, male and female genitalia, diagnosis and short description are provided.

One species of the genus Aphidius (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidinae) is recognized in this study. The genus Aphidius is a large braconid group distributed in the European, Palaearctic and Oriental regions, which includes currently 61 species in South Korea. This genus mainly parasitizes aphids. In this study, Aphidius transcaspicus Telenga, 1958 is recognized for the first time in South Korea. Historically, Aphidius transcaspicus is complexed with Aphidius collemani species complex. Descriptions, diagnosis distribution and illustration are provided.

The genus Coptotriche belongs to leafmining family Tischeriidae, comprising about 60 species in the world. They live in inside leaves during immature stage; larvae feed on tissue of the leaf, producing mining trace. The pupa also spend in the mine, and emerge to become a adult from the mine. In Korea, two species, C. angusticollella and C. heinemanni, are reported and are known as pest about Rosa multiflora and Rubus crataegifolius respectively. In the present study, we review three species of genus Coptotriche in Korea with a new species. Brief descriptions and illustrations of the adults, male and female genitalia, larvae, pupae, and host plants are provided.

Genus Nemapogon Schrank, 1802, of Nemapogoninae is reviewed in Korea, with four species. The genus comprises approximately 70 named speices. Some species of the genus Nemapogon Schrank, 1802 (N. granella, N. cloacella, and N. variatella) are well known as storage pests and distributed worldwide (Gaedike, 2000). The larvae of these moths feed on stored food such as cereals, flour, and dried mushrooms (Robinson and Nielsen, 1993). In Korea, the genus Nemapogon have been reported only one species up to date (Byun et al., 2009), with Nemapogon granella (Linnaeus, 1758). In this study, three additional species of the genus Nemapogon Schrank is reported for the first time in Korea. The adults are briefly described and illustrated, including adults genitalia.

The genus Meganola (Nolidae, Nolinae) was established by Dyar (1898), with the type species Meganola conspicua Dyar, 1898, from America (Type locality: Texas, Colorado, Arizona). This genus comprises 80 species described in the Palaearctic and Oriental region. In this study, genus Meganola Dyar is reviewed from Korea, with description of a new species. We redescribed 12 species and one new species. Illustrations of adults and genitalia of all Korean species are provided, with a key to the genus of Meganola based on the male genitalia.