In this work, α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals are synthesized by co-precipitation method and used as adsorbent to remove Cr6+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ from wastewater at room temperature. The prepared sample is evaluated by XRD, BET surface area, and FESEM for structural and morphological characteristics. XRD patterns confirm the formation of a pure hematite structure of average particle size of ~ 40 nm, which is further supported by the FESEM images of the nanocrystals. The nanocrystals are found to have BET specific surface area of ~ 39.18 m2 g−1. Adsorption experiments are carried out for the different values of pH of the solutions, contact time, and initial concentration of metal ions. High efficiency Cr6+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ removal occur at pH 3, 7, and 5.5, respectively. Equilibrium study reveals that the heavy metal ion adsorption of the α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals followed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Cr6+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ adsorption equilibrium data are best fitted to the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities of α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals related to Cr6+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ are found to be 15.15, 11.63, and 20 mg g−1, respectively. These results clearly suggest that the synthesized α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals can be considered as potential nano-adsorbents for future environmental and health related applications.

The congenital head anomalies are most often used to describe defects in the eyes, mouth, nose, skull, and or brain. The faulty embryogenesis most likely found to be associated with abnormal genetic or epigenetic causes during pregnancy. Eventually it leads to congenital anomalies. Rabbit-headed Lamb (RH) is a disorder in sheep breeding that is characterized by some deformities in the head and the face. A dead –day old- crossbred white Najdi lamb with a deformed face and head was reported to be born in the current case. The external and physical examination revealed a deformed skull and facial region with a unilateral eye, fused mouth, piglike nose, and patent skull with the brain coming out from left eye orbit. Additionally, the lamb was very skinny with unusual long extremities. This is the first report of this syndrome that describes such deformities in a stillbirth Najdi breed lamb.

본 연구는 농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 채소과에서 육성 중인 고추 34계통과 세계채소센터 육성 계통과 자원 12점 등 총 46점의 고추를 공시하여, 종자의 발아율, 수량 및 상품과율, 그리고 화분발아율을 조사하여 내서성이 강한 고추 자원을 선발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 1. 종자발아율 비교에서 여름종자는 가을종자 대비 상대적인 피해율은 4.3~100% 범위였고, H42(1.6%), H16(5.0%), H14(6.3%), H02(12.4%), H44(13.7%), H12(15.9%), H03 (17.6%), H17(23.4%) 순으로 대조 계통인 H37(26.2%)에 비해 피해율이 낮았다. 2. 고추 과실의 수량은 34.4~446.5g, 총 과실수는 2.0~134.3 개를 나타냈다. 상품과 비율에 있어서 75% 이상은 H22(95.0%), H16(89.1%), H37(88.4%), H40(86.4%), H6 (86.0), H27(83.7%), H04(83.6%), H03(82.6%), H08(81.1%), H44(81.4%), H02(80.0%), H45(79.1%), H17(78.7%), H19 (77.7%), H34(77.0%), H15(76.9%), H42(76.3%) 순으로 나타 났다. 3. 고온 처리에 의한 화분발아율의 피해율은 H06(59.5%), H14(74.4%), H44(85.3%), H03(90.2%)가 대조구인 H37 (94.7%)과 나머지 다른 고추에 비해 상대적으로 낮았다. 이상의 결과, 가을종자 대비 여름종자 종자발아율의 피해율, 수량 및 상품과율, 그리고 고온 처리에 의한 화분발아율 등을 고려하여, H03, H04, H06, H14, H17, H22, H44, H45 계 통을 내서성이 높은 자원으로 선발하였다.

Pleurotus djamor var. roseus is an edible mushroom isolated from the wild and cultivated on paddy straw substrates. The present study was carried out to compare the nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of P. djamor var. roseus at different growth stages (primordia, basidiomata, and mycelia). The protein content was is in the range of 31.48 to 35.50 g/100g dw. The crude fiber content ranged from 8.0 to 14.60 g, and that of total carbohydrates ranged from 44.75 to 48.90 g. Sodium, magnesium, and calcium reached the maximum levels in basidiomata, and selenium was detected in basidiomata and mycelia (0.47 - 0.22 mg/Kg). The amino acid profile showed that all essential and nonessential amino acids and glycine showed maximum levels in basidiomata and 15.98 ± 0.01 g/100g. The fatty acid profile showed the presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids; the unsaturated fatty acid content was maximum in all of the samples, ranging from 76 – 40.41%. The total phenol and flavonoid contents as well as the scavenging (DPPH), ferric thiocyanate (FTC), and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) activities in the context of methanol and water extracts from primordia, basidiomata, and mycelium were determined. Among them, basidiomata and mycelial methanol extracts exhibited significant antioxidant activity. Overall, these findings show that P. djamor var. roseus can be used as a functional food for daily consumption.

Melia azedarach is commonly used in traditional and folk medicine in Korea and China to treat a variety of diseases including diarrheal, diabetic, rheumatic, and hypertensive disease. The aim of this study was to determine the potential prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Melia azedarach against a broad spectrum of viruses in in vitro cell culture model and the protective effect against different influenza A subtypes in BALB/c mice model. An effective dose of pre-treatment, co-treatment, and post-treatment of Melia azedarach significantly reduced the replication of coxsackievirus, herpes simplex virus, influenza A virus, enterovirus, and bovine rhinovirus in both epithelial and macrophage cell lines. Melia azedarach treatment remarkably promoted the phosphorylation of the key molecules associated with the type-1 interferon and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, it induced the secretion of type-1 interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines and the subsequent stimulation of the antiviral state in both epithelial and macrophage cells. Interestingly, oral inoculation of an effective dose of herb extract significantly improved viral clearance in the lungs of BALB/c mice, thus exhibiting protection against several subtypes of influenza A virus. Together with our results indicate that an extracts of Melia azedarach and its components could exhibit a potential natural source of an antiviral drug candidate for a broad spectrum of viruses in animal and humans.

In veterinary medicine, anaesthesia is fundamental for many medical acts, as complementary tests or surgical procedures. This discipline has evolved enormously in recent years, both in terms of practices as well as in terms of materials and used molecules.The aim of the present study was to compare three anaesthetic protocols, using injectable anaesthesia Ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine, ketamine/xylazine, and ketamine/xylazine /meloxicam in rabbits. Nine adult males, Neo-Zealand breed rabbits, weighing between 2.5 and 3.5 Kg were randomly divided into three groups, housed indoor to accommodate the place of experiments to evaluate their effects on risk factors associated with peri-anaesthetic mortality, along with gastrointestinal complications, in order to establish a suitable anaesthetic protocol, coupled with continuous monitoring of the anaesthetized animal. The association of acepromazine, xylazine, and ketamine, which give a deep myorelaxation and remarkable analgesia, obtained the anaesthesia. Fixed products do not lead to any myorelaxation of the mandibular muscles. The addition of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug increased the effect of the peri-anaesthetic analgesia. The protocol using acepromazine, xylazine, and ketamine is the best schema for the potentiated general anaesthesia in rabbit, because of its insignificant effect on the intestinal motility.

Second language (L2) peer response literature is defined in part by discourse research, yet there is scant research on text-specific comments, or comments that make explicit text references, thus resisting generic qualities. The purpose of this case study was to examine such peer response activities in an English writing course at a South Korean university. The data comprises two essay assignments with peer response conducted between two drafts – as accomplished during class time on the class learning management system (LMS) – as well as the subsequent revisions in second drafts. This paper expands on previous coding schemes accounting for area, nature and type commentary to account for a specificity dimension, and also links these categories to revision practices. While students entertained diverse commenting and revising options, popular practices included generic evaluating or revising local or surface-level concerns. This paper offers implications for modelling response activities as well as for how to better define specific and complex idea construction exhibited during response.

In this study, the chronological development of the Corporate Governance Guidelines (CGG) and Corporate Governance Code (CGC) examined to identify how much the Code has evolved over time. A comparative analysis between the CGG-2012 and CGC-2018 has also been conducted in the study to outline the latest changes. The study is exploratory and literature review-based in nature. Contemporary literatures were analyzed along with comparison of the CGG-2012 and CGC-2018 issued by the Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission (BSEC). Data was collected from various secondary sources. The study points out that the BSEC has followed a six-year interval pattern in the further development and modification of the corporate governance codes in Bangladesh. Also, it has been found out that in terms of the number of conditions in the code, the CGC-2018 is about 75 percent enhanced than CGG-2012. Previously, CGG-2012 was enhanced by more than 150 percent over the first guideline in 2006. CGC-2018 has introduced some crucial governance issues that were not present in the code before but there remain some areas that are yet to be addressed in the best-practices recommendations.

큰느타리(Pleurotus eryngii)는 주름버섯목(Agaricales), 느타리과 (Pleurotaceae)에 속하는 담자균류로서, 큰느타리 생산량이 한국에서 약 49,000톤(‘18)으로 가장 많고 수출량은 약 7,500톤(’19)으로 팽이버섯 다 음으로 높은 대표적인 식용버섯이자 수출품목이다. 큰느타리 재배는 병 재배 시스템의 기계화·자동화가 정착되고 액체종균을 이용하여 대량접종 , 배양기간 단축이 되면서 대량생산이 가능하게 되었다. 현재 큰느타리 종 균배양소나 자가생산농가에서 액체종균을 이용하고 있으나, 표준화된 종 균제작 매뉴얼이 없고 500ℓ 이상 큰 액체탱크를 이용하기 때문에 오염발 생이나 배양 실패에 따른 피해가 다른 버섯에 비해 매우 크다. 이에 큰느 타리 액체 종균의 생산 효율과 안정성을 높이고자 우선 큰느타리 액체배 지 종류별 조성별로 균사생장력을 조사하여 적정배지를 선발하는 연구를 수행하였다.

LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating was conducted to constrain the timing of fossil formation and the depositional age of the uppermost Jinju Formation located in Natural Monument No. 534 (Tracksite of Pterosaurs, Birds, and Dinosaurs in Hotandong, Jinju), and 87 Cretaceous, 1 Precambrian, and 2 Jurassic zircons were obtained from 90 valid analytical points. Most Cretaceous zircons were found to have a youngest graphical peak age of ca. 106.5 Ma, suggesting the depositional age of the uppermost Jinju Formation. Based on this study and previous works, the average sedimentation rate of the Jinju Formation was calculated to be approximately 0.17-0.31 mm/year in the Milyang Subbasin, and the Cretaceous zircons of the uppermost Jinju Formation seem to have originated mainly from the western or northwestern parts of the Gyeonggi Massif. Unlike the Nakdong and Hasandong formations of the Sindong Group, most zircons analyzed in the uppermost Jinju Formation were Cretaceous. This suggests that volcanic activity occurred in the area closer to the Gyeongsang Basin due to the roll-back of subducting paleo-Pacific Plates during the Jinju period.

Synergetic effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/nanoclays hybrid was investigated on the properties of highimpact polystyrene (HIPS) nanocomposite foams. The glass transition temperature and the cellular structure including the cell size and cell density were studied in details. Adding MWCNT and nanoclay increased the glass transition temperature of HIPS by 8.5 °C and 1.5 °C, respectively. The experimental results indicated that the cell size of HIPS foams was reduced from 84.05 to 60.97 μm and 40.22 μm using MWCNTs and nanoclays, respectively. The synergetic effect of MWCNT/nanoclay was more significant by reducing the cell size to 13.69 μm. The cell density was improved from 5.79 × 104 to 1.77 × 105 cell/ cm3 using MWCNTs and to 9.39 × 106 cell/cm3 using nanoclays. The cell density reached to 2.90 × 107 cell/cm3 using the synergetic effect of MWCNT/nanoclay.

Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotics that have a beneficial effect on human health by promoting the growth of probiotic bacteria in the gut, in addition to having various applications in the food industry. GOS are generally produced from lactose in a reaction catalyzed by ß-galactosidase. Synthesis of GOS from whey permeate (WP) (ultrafiltration of whey, concentrated then spray dried) using surface engineered β-galactosidase in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) is a novel method to convert waste into a valuable product. Cell-surface display is the expression of peptides and proteins on the surface of living cells by fusing them to functional components of cells. Surface engineered cells have many potential uses. The Flo1p flocculation functional domain, thought to be located near the N terminus, recognizes and adheres non-covalently to cell-wall components such as α-mannan carbohydrates, causing reversible aggregation of cells into flocs.

본 연구는 현대 교회의 모습이 성경의 에클레시아와 다르다는 전제를 갖고 시작한다. 교회 내의 여러 위기는 기독교 신앙에 대한 신뢰의 선교적 위기로 분석되고 표현된다. 이러한 위기를 극복하기 위해서 “교회”를 신약 성경 에클레시아의 번역으로 사용할 수 있는지를 질문할 필요가 있다. 모순과 시대착오의 이유로 성경에서 “교회”를 타당한 번역으로 볼 수 있는지 의문이 제기된다. 에클레시아와 까할(qahal)의 더 올바른 번역인 “집회”를 사용하는 것이 성경의 에클레시아와 현대 교회를 구분하기 위한 방법으로 제안되기도 한다. 이러한 차별화의 의미는 현재의 선교학에 대해, 그리고 신뢰성의 선교적 위기에 대한 해결책으로 논의된다.

The Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) has been developing a next-generation coronagraph (NGC) in cooperation with NASA to measure the coronal electron density, temperature, and speed simultaneously, using four different optical filters around 400 nm. KASI organized an expedition to demonstrate the coronagraph measurement scheme and the instrumental technology during the 2017 total solar eclipse (TSE) across the USA. The observation site was in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA. We built an eclipse observation system, the Diagnostic Coronal Experiment (DICE), composed of two identical telescopes to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The observation was conducted at four wavelengths and three linear polarization directions in the limited total eclipse time of about 140 seconds. We successfully obtained polarization data for the corona but we were not able to obtain information on the coronal electron temperature and speed due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of the optical system and strong emission from prominences located at the western limb. In this study, we report the development of DICE and the observation results from the eclipse expedition. TSE observation and analysis with our self-developed instrument showed that a coronagraph needs to be designed carefully to achieve its scientific purpose. We gained valuable experience for future follow-up NASA-KASI joint missions: the Balloon-borne Investigation of the Temperature and Speed of Electrons in the Corona (BITSE) and the COronal Diagnostic EXperiment (CODEX).