Salacca peel-based porous carbon (SPPC) with high surface area (1945 m2 g−1) and large specific pore volume (1.68 cm3 g−1) was prepared by pre-carbonization and K2CO3 activation method. Based on the TGA results, it can be estimated that up to 70 wt% of sulfur-active materials could be infiltrated into the pores of SPPC to form SPPC/S composite cathode for LiS battery. The porous structure of SPPC could act as a buffer layer against volume expansion and minimize the shuttle effect due to the penetration of intermediate polysulfides during cycle tests. Optimization on sulfur loading (50, 60 and 70 wt%) in SPPCC/S composite was also investigated. It was found that the SPPC/S composites with 60 wt% of sulfur loading had the best electrochemical performances. With 60 wt% of sulfur loading, SPPC/S composite electrodes showed excellent electrochemical performances in terms of high initial specific discharge capacity of 1006 mAh g− 1 at 0.5 C and capacity retention of 71% until the 100th cycle. For both cases of low and high sulfur loading, they caused much worse electrochemical performances. Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that porous carbons derived from the salacca peel were promising materials for sulfur loading in LiS battery.

Wood sawdust from an invasive arboreal species, Parkinsonia aculeata, and seeds from a tropical fruit of massive consumption, Pouteria sapota, were used as precursors for the development of activated carbons (ACs) directed to CO2 adsorption. Chemical activation employing KOH as activating agent and pre-established experimental conditions was applied. Main physicochemical properties of the ACs in relation to their CO2 adsorption performance were examined. The ACs developed from the wood sawdust and the seeds presented specific surfaces areas of 770 and 1000 m2 g−1, respectively, with their porosity development resulting essentially microporous (< 2 nm). They also showed a similar content of acidic surface groups, but basic functionalities of the former duplicated those of the latter. Maximum CO2 adsorbed at equilibrium (273 K and 100 kPa) was 5.0 mmol g−1 and 4.4 mmol g−1 for the samples derived from the sawdust and the seeds, respectively. On the other hand, CO2 adsorption capacities mimicking post-combustion conditions, as evaluated from thermogravimetric assays and breakthrough curves obtained in a packed-bed column, were approximately 1 mmol g−1, indicating a good CO2 adsorption performance for both ACs. Nevertheless, those derived from the wood sawdust with a notorious preeminence of micropores (~ 93%), narrower pore size distribution centered around 1 nm, and a higher content of basic functionalities than the ACs obtained from the seeds showed a relatively better performance. The CO2 removal capacity of the activated carbons was not noticeably affected after five CO2 adsorption–desorption cycles, with both samples almost keeping their initial CO2 adsorption capacity.

최근 최소한으로 가공된 안전한 식품에 대한 소비자의 수요가 기하급수적으로 증가하고 있다. 이러한 이유로 많은 식품가공 업체에서는 식품안전을 강화하고 유통기한을 연장하기 위한 최소한의 가공공정 중 허들기술(hurdle technology)을 적용하고 있다. 한편, 연구에 따르면 식품에 함유된 병원균을 비활성화하기 위한 공정 및 방법들은 식중독세균들의 스트레스 적응 메커니즘을 촉발시켜 심지어 후속 치료로부터 교차 보호를 준다. 또한, 항생 제와 제초제 사용과 같은 일상적인 농장 관행은 항생제 내성을 가진 병원균의 생성을 초래할 수 있다. 이러한 항생제 내성 박테리아는 식품 처리과정과 관련된 스트레스에 내성을 가질 수 있고 가공 식품에서 생존 할 수 있는 가능성을 높일 수 있다. 이 리뷰에서는 식품 가공과 관련된 스트레스와 항생제 내성의 상관관계에 대해 논의한다. 또한, 항균성 화합물 및 기타 식품 처리 관련 스트레스에 대한 교차 보호 수단으로서 시그마 인자 (sigma factors), SOS 반응 경로(SOS response pathways) 및 유출 펌프(efflux pumps)의 사용과 같은 분자유전학적 기작에 대해서도 논의한다.

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a construct of quality of life relevant to health. HRQOL can be measured multiple ways including self-perceived interpretation of one’s health status. Research has shown value in understanding self-perceived or person-centered HRQOL. Thus, these types of assessments have been integrated into health care systems, used to help patients set personal goals and to determine treatment success. The purpose of this study was to describe the group, examine the relationship between HRQOL and functional independence, and then determine the impact of standard care on the HRQOL (index and visual analog scale [VAS]). Methods: Retrospective clinical observation study. Descriptive statistics used to describe the stroke sample. Comparison was performed to explore the correlation between the EuroQol 5-Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D) and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) at admission and discharge. Paired-samples t-test was conducted to evaluate the impact of standard therapy on HRQOL on EQ-5D. Results: n=1325; mean age of 72 years (SD=13.28) and 65% females. A weak, positive correlation found at admission (r=.15, n=1325, p<.000) and discharge (r=.04, n=1325, p<.000). A paired-samples t-test revealed a statistically significant increase in HRQOL index and VAS scores (p’s<.000) overtime, with a large effect size (η2=.74 and .70), respectively. Conclusion: A weak relationship was present between HRQOL and functional independence, thus suggesting these assessments should be used independent of each other. Statistically significant change in scores suggest improvement in HRQOL overtime, supported by large effect sizes and mean scores higher than the minimal important difference range.

목적 : 보건의료 분야의 다직종연계교육(InterProfessional Education; IPE)에 대하여 국내에 보고된 문헌을 고찰하고, 작업치료학과가 참여한 일본의 군마대학 교육사례를 제시하는 것이다. 방법 및 결과 : 2019년 12월에 전자데이터 베이스인 KMBASE, Google Scholar, KISTI, RISS와 KoreaMed에서 InterProfessional Education 주제어로 검색하여 국내 학술지에 보고된 자료를 수집하였다. 최종 리뷰에 포함된 16편의 논문 유형은 원저 8편, 종설 8편을 차지하였다. 연구 분야는 의학 7편, 간호학 4편, 약학 2편, 보건의료 공동연구가 3편이였다. IPE에 대한 용어 및 개념, 교육이론 및 방법은 국내외 문헌분석과 사례를 바탕으로 제시하였다. 2010년부터 세계보건기구(World health Organization; WHO)와 IPE 교육모델과 학습 효과를 공유하고, 2013년부터는 WHO 협력센터로 지정된 군마대학 의학부 보건학과의 팀 의료 교육에 대하여 실습교과목 중심으로 교육 목적 및 학습성과 검증에 대하여 소개하였다. 결론 : 국내 작업치료에 처음 소개된 IPE에 대한 연구를 시작으로 작업치료 교육과 임상에서도 참여와 협업에 대한 필요성 인식은 물론, 도입을 고려한 체계적인 연구가 활발하게 논의되었으면 한다.

To enhance the effectiveness of the FMS (flexible manufacturing system), it is necessary for the manufacturing control system to be upgraded by integrating the cyber and the physical manufacturing systems. Using the CPPS (Cyber-Physical Production System) concept, this study proposes a 4-stage vertical integration and control framework for an aircraft parts manufacturing plant. In the proposed framework, the process controller prepares the operations schedule for processing work orders generated from the APS (advanced planning & scheduling) system. The scheduled operations and the related control commands are assigned to equipments by the dispatcher of the line controller. The line monitor is responsible for monitoring the overall status of the FMS including work orders and equipments. Finally the process monitor uses the simulation model to check the performance of the production plan using real time plant status data. The W-FMCS (Wing rib-Flexible Manufacturing Control & Simulation) are developed to implement the proposed 4-stage CPPS based FMS control architecture. The effectiveness of the proposed control architecture is examined by the real plant’s operational data such as utilization and throughput. The performance improvement examined shows the usefulness of the framework in managing the smart factory’s operation by providing a practical approach to integrate cyber and physical production systems.

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) merely depend on improving the oocyte maturation and their developmental competence to produce good quality embryos. Oocyte maturation passes through long and complex molecular steps starts from the early embryonic life and ends with sperm fertilization. Oocyte developmental competence can be attained by improving the nuclear and cytoplasmic mechanisms together with some epigenetic maturation. In this review, we highlight the cornerstones of oocyte maturation on both nuclear and cytoplasmic levels. Interfering or supporting these molecular mechanisms would help in the development of novel regulating agents for reproductive performance of humans and livestock species.

At q = 1.81 ± 0.20 × 10-5, KMT-2018-BLG-0029Lb has the lowest planet-host mass ratio q of any microlensing planet to date by more than a factor of two. Hence, it is the first planet that probes below the apparent "pile-up" at q = 5-10 ×10-5. The event was observed by Spitzer, yielding a microlens-parallax πE measurement. Combined with a measurement of the Einstein radius θE from finite-source effects during the caustic crossings, these measurements imply masses of the host Mhost = 1.14+0.10-0.12 M⊙ and planet Mplanet = 7.59+0.75-0.69 M⊕, system distance DL = 3.38+0.22-0.26 kpc and projected separation a⊥ = 4.27+0.21-0.23 AU. The blended light, which is substantially brighter than the microlensed source, is plausibly due to the lens and could be observed at high resolution immediately.

A novel approach was presented for deposition of nickel–graphene nanocomposite coating on copper. Unlike conventional methods, graphene and graphene oxide nanosheets were not used. The basis of the method is to synthesize graphene oxide by oxidation of graphite anode during the electrochemical deposition process. The obtained graphene oxide sheets were reduced during the deposition in the cathode and co-formed with the nickel deposition in the coating. The pulsed ultrasonic force was applied during the deposition process. When the ultrasonic force stops, the deposition process begins. Scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of graphene nanosheets in the coating. The amount of graphene nanosheets increases up to a maximum of 14.8 wt% by increasing the time of applying ultrasonic force to 6 s. In addition, with the presence of graphene in the nickel coating, the wear rate dramatically decreased.

Polyaniline–graphene quantum dots (PANI–GQDs) are considered as an important candidate for applications in photovoltaic cells. In this work, GQDs were prepared using sono-Fenton reagent from reduced graphene oxide (rGO). PANI–GQD hybrid was also synthesized using the chemical in situ polymerization method. The synthesized materials were characterized using UV–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, current–voltage (I–V) characteristic, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dynamic light scattering was also used to estimate the lateral size of GQDs. The enhanced visible-light absorbance in the hybrid was confirmed by UV–Vis analysis and the decrease in intensity around 3461 cm−1 in FT-IR spectra was due to the interaction between functional groups of PANI with GQDs. This led to improved thermal stability and conductivity as observed from TGA and I–V analysis, respectively. Moreover, the Raman spectrum for PANI–GQDs showed a decrease in the peak at ~ 1348 and ~ 1572 cm−1 as compared to PANI and GQDs. Similarly, from the XRD profile of PANI–GQDs, a shift in peak was observed due to an alteration in the microstructure. A sandwich device with cell structure glass/ITO/PANI–GQDs/Al was fabricated and its application was tested. Current density–voltage (J–V) curve of the device was measured with a Keithley SMU 2400 unit under an illumination intensity of 100 Wm−2 simulating the AM 1.5 solar spectrum. The hybrid exhibited photovoltaic properties, and 0.857% efficiency was observed in response to the applied voltage. This work suggests that PANI can be used as an alternative material for photovoltaic cells.