The Nannophya species in Korea was thought to consist of only Nannophya pygmaea. Previous studies on the species, including life history and development, conservation and restoration, habitat characteristics, genetic studies, distribution, behavior, and taxonomy have been conducted. However, a new Nannophya species, Nannophya koreana, was recently discovered in Korea. Moreover, this new species was found to inhabit both Korea and Japan. Thus, the previous studies should be reevaluated in relation to the new species, Nannophya koreana, and the latter should be treated as an endangered species worldwide given the current population instability.

The purpose of this study is to create a shirt sloper suitable for an elderly male body shape by producing virtual models using a 3D-virtualization program, making a torso prototype using the Yuka CAD system, and employing 3D simulation to virtualize and calibrate the model. First, the following three types of obese dummies are implemented through the CLO 3D program: Type 1 exhibits body fat in the lower body; Type 2 exhibits an obese abdomen; and Type 3 displays a balanced form of obesity. Second, for the design of the shirt pattern, the waist back length (measured value+1), back armhole depth (C/10+12+3+0.5~1.5), front armhole depth (back armhole depth 0~1), front interscye (2C/10‒1+0.5‒0.5), armscye depth (C/10+2+3.5+ 0.5), back interscye (2C/10‒1+1), front chest C (C/4+2.5+1), back chest C (C/4+2.5‒1), front hem C (C/4+2.5+1(+2)), back hem C (C/4+2.5‒1(+2)), cap height (AH/3‒5), and biceps width (Front AH‒1, Back AH‒1) are calculated. Third, the virtual attachment of the shirt pattern is resolved by increasing the front and back armhole depths, and the front and rear wrinkles are improved by adding a back armhole dart. The front hem lift and lateral pull caused by the protrusion of the abdomen are amended by increasing the margin of the chest, waist C, and hip C, with the appearance improved by balanced margin distribution in the front, back, and side panels. The improved retail pattern with an increase in the front armholes C was balanced on the torso plate.

In this work, the correlation between the pore characteristics of activated carbon (AC) and the adsorption/desorption characteristics of evaporated fuel was studied. AC was prepared by various physical re-activation methods using coconut-derived commercial AC. Pore characteristics of the re-activated AC were investigated using N2/ 77 K adsorption isotherms. The structural characteristics of the AC were observed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The butane working capacity was observed according to ASTM D5228. From the results, the specific surface area and total pore volume of the ACs were determined to be 1380–2040 m2/g and 0.60–0.96 cm3/g, respectively. It was also observed that various pore size distributions were found to be dependent on the functions of the activation method and time. A close relationship between butane activity/ retentivity and micropore/mesopore volumes was found. In addition, it was inferred that the volume fraction of micropores and sub-mesopores with diameters between 1.5 and 3.0 nm primarily controls butane activity.

한국산 미기록 종인 네무늬구멍썩덩벌레붙이(Lissodema plagiatum Lewis) (신칭)를 한반도에서 처음으로 보고하고, Lissodema laevipennis Marseul의 한국 기록을 삭제한다. 한국산 썩덩벌레붙이과에 대한 종 검색표와 미기록 종에 대한 사진과 분류학적 의견을 제시한다.

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV, Drone) are highly regarded for their potential in the agricultural field, and research and development are actively conducted for various purposes. Therefore, in this study, to present a framework for tracking research trends in UAV use in the agricultural field, we secured a keyword search strategy and analyzed social network, a methodology used to analyze recent research trends or technological trends as an analysis model applied. This study consists of three stages. As a first step in data acquisition, search terms and search formulas were developed for experts in accordance with the Keyword Search Strategy. Data collection was conducted based on completed search terms and search expressions. As a second step, frequency analysis was conducted by country, academic field, and journal based on the number of thesis presentations. Finally, social network analysis was performed. The analysis used the open source programming language 'Python'. Thanks to the efficiency and convenience of unmanned aerial vehicles, this field is growing rapidly and China and the United States are leading global research. Korea ranked 18th, and bold investment in this field is needed to advance agriculture. The results of this study's analysis could be used as important information in government policy making.

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play essential roles in normal and pathophysiological function in liver. In steady state, HSCs contribute to retinoid storage, immune tolerance, and extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. Upon liver injury, they become activated and lead to morphological and functional changes. Studies have demonstrated that activation of HSCs by various stimuli such as toxins, microbial infection, or metabolic overload can promote the fibrotic changes in liver by production of ECM. Herein, we provide current knowledge about the basic characteristics of HSCs and the mechanism by which they are activated.

The following study analyzes the linguistic landscape of governmental public signs with focus on whether language rights are being fulfilled, in Garibong-Dong, Seoul, which has a high proportion of people with Chinese citizenship in Korea, most of whom are Korean-Chinese, utilizing “Language Rights of Linguistic Minorities: A Practical Guide for Implementation” (Izsák-Ndiaye, 2013) published by the UN OHCHR (Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights) as a framework to see whether language rights are being fulfilled by governmental public signs. The study includes interviews with two workers of Korea Support Center for Foreign Workers about whether language rights of Garibong-dong's residents could be affected by the linguistic landscape and what efforts could the governments make for residents.

장미는 소비 트렌드 변화가 매우 빠른 절화 작목으로 소비자 선호도 변화에 부응하고 로열티 지출 부담을 줄이고자 전북농업기술원에서 향기가 있고 수량성이 우수하며 가시가 적은 파스텔 화색의 절화용 스탠다드 ‘Pinky Luna’를 육성하였다. 2011년 ‘Rose Yumi’를 모본, ‘Ocean Song’을 부본으로 인공 교배하여 87개 종자를 획득하여 이듬해 66개 실생 개체를 얻었다. 2012∼2013년 특성 평가를 통해 화형과 화색이 예쁘고 향기가 있으며 생산성이 우수한 ‘R111953-25’ 계통을 선발 하였고, 2014∼2015년 특성 검정, 기호도 평가 및 생산력 검정을 통하여 ‘Pinky Luna’로 명명하였다. ‘Pinky Luna’는 연분홍(표면-WN155B, 이면-RP69D) 파스텔 화색의 겹꽃 스탠다드 계열로 가시 발생이 적고 은은한 향기가 있으며, 잎 형태는 중간 타원형, 잎 색은 짙은 녹색(N137A), 꽃 모양은 원형이고 꽃잎은 넓은 타원형의 고유한 특성을 가진다. ‘Pinky Luna’의 소화폭과 소화고는 10.5cm, 4.1cm로 대조품종(‘Ocean Song’) 보다 각각 2.2cm, 0.6cm 컸고, 꽃잎수는 67.0개로 월등히 많았으며, 꽃잎 길이도 길었다. ‘Pinky Luna’의 절화장, 엽장, 엽 폭은 대조품종보다 작았으나, ㎡당 연평균 절화량은 157.6본으로 대조품종보다 10.2본 더 많았다. 그리고 절화수명은 11.7일로 ‘Ocean Song’보다 1.5일 길었고 소비자 선호도도 4.3으로 더 높았다.

목적 : 대학생의 시각기능을 설문 조사를 통해 평가하여 시력교정 상태에 따른 시각기능을 분석하고자 하였다. 방법 : 2019년 3월부터 5월까지 안질환이 없는 대학생 290명을 대상으로 시각기능(시력관련 삶의 질)을 한국 어판 미국 국립안연구센터 시각기능 설문을 사용하여 평가하였다. 안경이나 콘택트렌즈 착용목적에 따른 시각기능 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 대학생의 시각기능 총점은 시력교정이 불필요한 군이 94.17점으로 가장 높았으며, 미교정 군은 85.33 점으로 낮았다. 시력교정이 불필요한 군은 VFQ-25의 모든 문항에서 가장 높은 점수를 나타내었고, 시력 미교정 군은 전반적 건강, 전반적 시력, 눈 통증, 근거리 시력, 원거리 시력에서 다른 군에 비해 낮은 점수를 나타내었다. 시력교정이 불필요한 군은 VFQ-13 문항에서 점수가 높았고, 시력 미교정 군은 근거리 시력과 역할의 제한을 제 외한 모든 문항에서 낮은 점수를 나타내었다. 결론 : 대학생의 시력교정 상태에 따른 시각기능을 확인한 결과, 미교정 상태 군의 시각기능은 다른 군에 비해 낮았으며, 특히 전반적 건강과 전반적 시력이 많이 낮았다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 미교정 상태가 시력관련 삶의 질에 좋지 않은 영향을 주는 것을 확인하였다.

Limb amputation is a salvage surgical procedure relatively common in small animals and other species. Wild animals after forelimb amputation have many difficulties in returning to normal life because forelimbs of arboreal quadrupeds are used to carry most of their weight and hold feed. This study investigated forelimb amputation and its outcomes in two raccoon dogs. Two male raccoon dogs presented for radio-ulnar fractures. Shoulder disarticulation amputation was applied to protect the thoracic cavity and reduce surgical time. After the operation, they could run comparatively faster with three legs. As they had good body condition and regular appetite during the hospitalization period, they were released to the area from which they were captured. Six months after the release, one of the raccoon dogs represented for hair loss by mites. It showed satisfactory function of the existing three limbs. Thus, amputation of forelimb could be considered as a treatment in raccoon dogs with severe limb status.

The purpose of this study is to suggest the characteristics of online shopping malls and find a way to establish a differentiated marketing Strategy for online shopping malls in China. This study investigated the effect on the loyalty by applying the perceived shopping value (Hedonic Value, Utilitarian Value) of consumers in online shopping malls. In addition, In order to grasp the factors affecting consumer loyalty in online shopping malls, the characteristics of online shopping malls are multidimensional, consisting of product characteristics, recommended quality, benefit services, and community services. In order to obtain the purpose of the study, a questionnaire was surveyed for chinese online shopping experience and the research model was verified through empirical analysis method. Statistical analysis program was used together with SPSS 24.0 and AMOSS 24.0. Looking at the results of the analysis, firstly, the recommended quality and benefit service of online shopping malls are positive for the perceived hedonic value of consumers. The product characteristics and community service were found to have no effect on the hedonic shopping value. Secondly, the product characteristics, recommended quality, benefit service, and community service of online shopping malls on the utilitrian value perceived by consumers were positively affected. Thirdly, the perceived hedonic value has a positive effect on loyalty. Finally, it was confirmed that perceived utilitrian value affects loyalty. Based on the results of this study, a differentiated marketing strategy was established for existing chinese online shopping mall operators and potential new operators as well.

Radioisotope ADME (RI-ADME) studies are enabling visualization of the biodistribution in molecular imaging. We applied RI-ADME to investigate the tumor targeting capacity and biodistribution of trastuzumab-monomethyl auristatin F (LCB14-0110) in JIMT-1 xenograft mice and healthy marmoset. The LCB14-0110 was labelled with 125I. 125I-LCB14-0110 was intravenously administered to the animals. The gamma-count and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) was conducted for biodistributioon and bioimaging of the biopharmaceutics. Tumor uptake in xenograft mice was highest at three-day after 125I-LCB14-0110 administration in both the biodistribution and SPECT/CT bioimaging. Alternatively, blood and organ tissues showed gradual decrease in radioactivity over time. In marmosets, radioactivity in all organ tissues rapidly reduced and no specific targeting of organs was observed in the biodistribution study and SPECT/CT imaging. Hence, 125ILCB14- 0110 demonstrated effective tumor targeting capacity and accumulated in JIMT-1 cell-bearing mice. However, accumulation did not occur in the organs of xenograft mice. Additionally, marmosets showed rapidly decrease in radioactivity throughout the entire body without accumulation in the normal organs. We also confirmed that the drug distribution was similar in normal organs between the two experimental animal species except spleen. Therefore, 125I is expected to be a useful tool in the study of RI-ADME in biopharmaceuticals through minimal antibody modification.

본 연구는 졸업식, 입학식 시즌에 생화 꽃다발 상품에 관해 소비자 인식과 구입 특성을 알아보고자 10세 이상의 내국인 남, 여 242명을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하였다. 졸업, 입학식 시즌의 꽃다발 상품 구입 이유에 관한 설문 결과, 특별한 날이기 때문에 가족, 친구들과 좋은 시간을 보내기 위한 능동적인 구입 형태가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 소비자들은 유치원 및 대학교 졸업, 입학식에 비해 초, 중, 고 졸업, 입학식 에 꽃다발 구매 경험이 더 많았으며, 주로 행사 당일 1~2시간 전에 노점에서 상품을 구입하는 것을 선호하였다. 소비자들이 선호하는 꽃다발 가격과 크기는 1~5만원 사이의 중간 (21~50cm) 크기를 선호하였다. 소비자가 생각하는 꽃다발 가격 결정 요인으로는 꽃다발의 품질이 가장 중요한 요소로 생각하였고, 선호하는 절화의 특성은 전제적인 디자인이 가장 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 연령별 소비자가 선호하는 절화 특성으로는 10대는 30대 이상 연령에 비해 선명하고 화려한 색의 절화를 선호하며, 30대가 20대보다 화형이 큰 절화를 선호 하였다. 꽃다발 상품을 구입하지 않는 이유는 가격에 대한 신뢰와 절화수명에 대한 만족도가 떨어지기 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 꽃다발 대체상품으로 보존화, 건조화, 조화 등을 구입하는 비율은 낮았으며, 대체상품을 구입하는 일부 소비자들은 생화보다 오래 볼 수 있으며 관리가 쉽기 때문에 구매하는 경향이 있었다. 본 연구 결과, 변화하는 소비자들의 절화상품 인식 제고를 위해 절화 가격 및 구매 후 관리에 대한 교육과 홍보가 더욱 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Osteoarthritis is a disorder characterized by a loss of cartilage as common aging-associated disease in humans and animals. However, unlike human clinical trials, investigational studies in pet animals are constrained by a lack of interest and funds. In addition, pet owners would often prefer the lowest cost method to treat arthritis of pet animals. Here, we report the outstanding and inexpensive way to prepare chondrocytes for cartilage repair using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This study focused on the development and enhancement of pre-chondrogenic condensation under external electric fields even without additional growth factors. We found that highly compact structures were formed within 3 days in micromass cultures of rabbit MSCs under electrical stimulation (ES), showing increased COL2A1 gene expression compared with their control 3D micromass cultures and 2D monolayer cultures. We further found that ES enhanced the production of proteoglycan, a highly produced extracellular matrix component in chondrocytes. Collectively, these results provide the commercial potential of electrical stimulation driving chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells for repair of cartilage, which is a budget-friendly regimen.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to figure out the trend and characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentration in underpass sections. The effect of traffic and meteorological condition on PM2.5 / NOx concentration was analyzed using field monitoring data. METHODS : Based on the literature review, PM2.5 and NOx concentration data were monitored using DustTrak II aerosol monitoring system and Serinus 40 oxides of nitrogen analyzer, respectively. Meteorological and traffic information was collected using automatic weather system and traffic volume counter, respectively. RESULTS : PM2.5 has a positive and negative correlation with relative humidity and wind speed, respectively. Meanwhile, NOx was found to have no correlation with meteorological conditions. The NO/NO2 ratio tends to change with traffic volume, indicating higher correlation between NO and traffic volume; the observed NO2 is mostly a secondary material produced by NO oxidation. CONCLUSIONS : Our study provides clear characteristics of NOx and PM2.5 and correlations with meteorological and traffic information in the underpass sections. It is found from this study that the increase in wind speed causes reduction in the concentration of PM2.5 owing to the diffusion and dispersion phenomena. On the other hand, the meteorological conditions were found to barely have correlations with NOx concentrations in this study. The traffic volume could significantly affect the NOx concentration and NO / NO2 ratio, which is directly correlated to the emissions from vehicles.

This article investigates from a critical discourse studies perspective the news media representations of inbound international students in Korean higher education. In light of the ideological workings of discourse and the media's social impact on the public consciousness, the current study examines the structures and detailed meanings of the media portrayals of international students as regards the three dimensions of the textual feature, discursive practice, and social practice. The findings suggest that the media representations of international students are racialized according to stratified power relations in the context of Korean higher education, and that the racialization and stratification is undergirded by neoliberal capitalist ideology of internationalization, ambivalent diversity discourse of Others, and benevolent care discourse of the minoritized. A range of discursive othering strategies are deployed in the news texts to render more newsworthy the reported issues and incidents concerning international students. The article concludes and argues that more fluid approaches to diversity should be developed to account for the complexity and multiplicity of transnational subjectivities.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate are secondary metabolites produced by anaerobic fermentation of dietary fibers in the intestine. Intestinal SCFAs exert various beneficial effects on intestinal homeostasis, including energy metabolism, autophagy, cell proliferation, immune reaction, and inflammation, whereas contradictory roles of SCFAs in the oral cavity have been reported. Herein, we found that low and high concentrations of SCFAs induce differential regulation of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, respectively, in gingival fibroblast cells. Additionally, cell viability was found to be differentially regulated in response to low and high concentrations of SCFAs. These findings demonstrate that the physiological functions of SCFAs in various cellular responses are more likely dependent on their local concentration.

Particulate matter (PM) has recently been considered one of the most harmful air pollutants to public health. Plants have been known to degrade and deposit particle pollutants with epicuticular wax (EW), and this capacity can be influenced by environmental conditions including relative humidity (RH). The present study examined the effects of RH on EW generation and PM deposition upon leaf surfaces within Asplenium nidus ‘Avis’. The plants were treated in growth chambers with two levels of RH (low: 30% - 40% and high: 80% - 90%) for a period of four weeks, and subsequently exposed to a 30 μg･m-3 concentration of TiO2 particles as a PM resource for 72 hours. The EW ultrastructure on the leaf surface was observed as the thin films type, which was not morphologically changed in the condition of low or high RH treatment. For four weeks of RH treatment, the fresh weight and leaf area per plant were not significant between low and high RH treatment, while dry weight was significantly higher in the high RH condition. We also found that greater amounts of EW per fresh weight, dry weight and leaf area were generated in high RH. However, the total amounts of PM deposition (surface PM + in-wax PM) of the plants were higher within the low RH treatment with a higher proportion of surface PM. In contrast the proportion of in-wax PM was 15% higher within the high RH. These results suggest that EW generation is affected by air humidity and that proportion of PM deposition in the EW layer were influenced by the amount of total wax load.

The University will contribute, through its high quality of education, training and research, to the containment, reduction and management of the problems confronting humanity in the transition to sustainable way of life utilizing the latest technologies of distance learning. Through international collaboration and leadership, it will generate, mobilize and share knowledge, experience and skills throughout the world so as to promote equitable and sustainable progress and to preserve and enhance the natural world on which humanity depends. As merit of the location of center in Northeastern Asia and North and South countries, Jeju Island has a remarkable natural beauty matching with unique environmental culture tradition, and a wide range of expertise, connections and capabilities in regard to global commerce, finance and transportation, and to the management of watersheds and biodiversity as a newly established international free city, all of which are relevant to world environment of sustainable development.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and currently there are many approaches developing towards cancer treatment. Cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy are often painful and have adverse effects. The mechanism of apoptosis is a complex process and it involves different pathways in its mechanism of action. Apoptosis can be caused by signals within the cell such as stress, or by extrinsic signals such as ligands binding to cell surface death receptors. The programmed cell death plays a important role in the several physiological and pathological processes. It plays important role in homeostasis. Flavonoids have gained importance as anticancer agents promoting cytotoxicity and apoptosis in cancer cells. Flavonoids are present in many medicinal plants which are a kind of ubiquitous natural products and essential active ingredients. They have strong biological activities with high efficiency and low toxicity, possessing good preventive and cure effects on different tumor forms. Flavonoids such as Scutellarein, Pectolinarigenin and Naringin have reported to possess significant anti-cancer effects on different cancer cell lines till date. In this review, we provide a summary about the anti-cancer effect of the three flavonoids and its mechanisms of action that can be used in future for understanding their potent anti-tumor properties.