목적 : 청년층 건성안의 원인을 평가하고자, 정상안과 건성안의 눈물막을 비교분석하였다. 방법 : 청년 24명(48안, 남 11명, 여 13명, 평균연령 22.04±2.01세)을 대상으로 SPEED 건성안 설문지를 이 용하여 건성안을 판별하고, 눈물검사값을 정상안의 검사값과 비교하였다. 눈물의 양은 OCCUTUBE로, 눈물막 안 정성은 눈물막파괴시간검사(TBUT)로 평가하였다. 눈물지방층두께(LLT)와 눈깜박임 양상 및 마이봄샘 이상은 LIPIVIEW IIⓇ로 측정하고 Image JⓇ 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 건성안의 SPEED 설문값은 10.63±3.78점으로 높게 측정되었고, TBUT는 3.39±0.89초, OCCUTUBE 측정값은 2.67±0.92 mm로 정상안 (4.04±0.83초, 3.44±1.42 mm)보다 유의하게 짧았다(p=0.019, p=0.039). 불완전한 눈깜빡임 비율은 건성안의 경우 66.88±33.43%로 정상안의 23.63±25.66%보다 높았으나 LLT와 마이 봄샘 손상은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : SPEED 설문지로 건성안을 판별한 결과 청년층에서 건성안의 비율은 매우 높았으며, 건성안 증상은 눈 물의 양, TBUT 및 불완전한 눈깜빡임과 연관이 있었다.

Most of the predictions using machine learning are neutral predictions considering the symmetrical situation where the predicted value is not smaller or larger than the actual value. However, in some situations, asymmetric prediction such as over-prediction or under-prediction may be better than neutral prediction, and it can induce better judgment by providing various predictions to decision makers. A method called Asymmetric Twin Support Vector Regression (ATSVR) using TSVR(Twin Support Vector Regression), which has a fast calculation time, was proposed by controlling the asymmetry of the upper and lower widths of the ε-tube and the asymmetry of the penalty with two parameters. In addition, by applying the existing GSVQR and the proposed ATSVR, prediction using the prediction propensities of over-prediction, under-prediction, and neutral prediction was performed. When two parameters were used for both GSVQR and ATSVR, it was possible to predict according to the prediction propensity, and ATSVR was found to be more than twice as fast in terms of calculation time. On the other hand, in terms of accuracy, there was no significant difference between ATSVR and GSVQR, but it was found that GSVQR reflected the prediction propensity better than ATSVR when checking the figures. The accuracy of under-prediction or over-prediction was lower than that of neutral prediction. It seems that using both parameters rather than using one of the two parameters (p_1,p_2) increases the change in the prediction tendency. However, depending on the situation, it may be better to use only one of the two parameters.

To date, the development of anticancer drugs has been conducted using two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems. However, since cancer cells in the body are generated and developed in three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments, the use of 2D anticancer drug screening can make it difficult to accurately evaluate the anticancer effects of drug candidates. Therefore, as a step towards developing a cancer cellfriendly 3D microenvironment based on a combination of vinylsulfone-functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG-VS) with dicysteine-containing crosslinker peptides with an intervening matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-specific cleavage site, the types of MMPs secreted from human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells, a representative cancer cell, were analyzed transcriptionally and translationally. MMP3 was confirmed to be the most highly expressed protease secreted by HepG2 cells. This knowledge will be important in the design of a crosslinker necessary for the construction of PEG-based hydrogels customized for the 3D culture of HepG2 cells.

인터넷은 전통적인 미디어를 대체하고 주요 뉴스 미디어 플랫폼 중 하나가 되었습니다. 인터넷 소스의 뉴스는 접근성이 좋고 편리하기 때문에 기존 뉴스 소스에 비해 빠르고 간단하게 이동할 수 있습니다. 그러나 가짜 뉴 스가 대량으로 발생하고 정치적, 상업적 이유로 온라인 커뮤니티에 퍼지면서 확인되지 않은 소식통으로부터 입수한 모든 언론 보도가 진짜인 것은 아니다. 가짜 뉴스는 이론적으로나 의도적으로 독자들을 속이거나 잘못 알릴 수 있다. 왜냐하면 사람들은 오프라인 커뮤니티에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 어떤 정보에도 쉽게 얽히게 되기 때문이다. 일부 수동 웹사이트는 정보가 사실인지 확인하도록 설계되어 있지만 온라인, 특히 웹에서 빠르게 확 산되는 정보의 양은 확장되지 않습니다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 자동 팩트체크 어플리케이션은 확장성과 자 동화의 요건에 대응하도록 설계되었습니다. 그러나 현재 애플리케이션 방법에는 기계 학습 분류 모델 성능을 개선하기 위해 가짜 뉴스 특징을 식별하는 포괄적인 다차원 데이터 세트가 없다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구논문에서는 사용자가 기사의 제목을 입력하면 데이터를 분류하는 Formb 챗봇을 제안했다. 이 연구 작업 에서 데이터 집합의 분류는 반복 신경망(RNN)과 장기 단기 기억(LSTM) 모델을 사용하여 수행되었다. 가짜 및 실제 뉴스 데이터 세트는 사전 처리되어 모델을 교육하는 데 사용됩니다. 저장된 모델은 지정된 입력 텍스트 의 신뢰성을 확인하기 위해 불일치 서버에 배포됩니다. Disconsid API는 python 파일을 chatbot으로 실행할 수 있는 액세스를 제공합니다. 분석 측면에서, 제안된 모델은 96.77%의 정확도로 CNN와 같은 기존 뉴럴 네트 워크 모델을 능가한다.

Parthenogenesis is maternally uniparental reproduction through the embryonic development of oocytes without fertilization. Artificial activation of mature oocytes could generate homozygous haploid embryos with the extrusion of the second polar body. However, the haploid embryos showed low embryo development in preimplantation embryos. In this study, we investigated whether the electronic fusion of the haploid embryos could enhance embryo development and ESC establishment in mice. Haploid embryos showed the developmental delay from 4-cell to the blastocyst stage. The haploid blastomeres of the 2-cell stage were fused electronically, resulting in that the fused embryos showed a significantly higher rate of blastocysts compared to non-fused haploid embryos (55% vs. 37%). Further, the embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from the fused embryos were confirmed to be diploid. The rate of ESC establishment in fused embryos was significantly higher compared to non-fused ones. Based on the results, we concluded that the electronic fusion of haploid embryos could be efficient to generate homozygous ESCs.

디지털 미디어 기술의 부단한 발전에 따라 뉴미디어 예술은 당대 예술 디자인 업계에 새로운 발전 기회를 가 져왔습니다.대학 캠퍼스 시청각 경관은 캠퍼스 경관 구성 시스템의 중요한 부분으로 캠퍼스 전체의 환경 쾌적 도를 높이고 환경 교육 효과를 촉진하는 등 대체 불가한 역할을 하고 있습니다.뉴미디어아트 속 다차원 디지 털 예술은 전통적인 예술 디자인 형태에 비해 색다른 미적 감각과 시각적 경험을 선사합니다.대학 캠퍼스 조 경 디자인은 대학 캠퍼스 전반의 외적인 환경 표현으로, 사제(師弟)의 대학 첫인상을 그대로 반영하고 있습니 다.현대 과학기술의 급속한 발전으로 뉴미디어아트의 표현 형식은 더욱 다채로워지고 새로운 표현방식이 끊임 없이 생겨나고 있습니다.본고에서는 뉴미디어아트의 응용탐구부터 시작하여 새로운 시대의 캠퍼스 영상음향 경관설계의 수요와 결합하여 뉴미디어아트의 캠퍼스 영상음향(Video and Audio) 경관설계에서의 혁신과 응용 을 탐구합니다.

In vivo oocytes grow and mature in ovarian follicles whereas oocytes are matured in vitro in plastic culture dishes with a hard surface. In vivo oocytes show a superior developmental ability to in vitro counterparts, indicating suboptimal environments of in vitro culture. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of an agarose matrix as a culture substrate during in vitro maturation (IVM) on the development of pig oocytes derived from small antral follicles (SAFs). Cumulusoocyte complexes (COCs) retrieved from SAFs were grown in a plastic culture dish without an agarose matrix and then cultured for maturation in a plastic dish coated without (control) or with a 1% or 2% (w/v) agarose hydrogel. Then, the effect of the soft agarose matrix on oocyte maturation and embryonic development was assessed by analyzing intra-oocyte contents of glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of VEGFA, HIF1A , and PFKP genes, and blastocyst formation after parthenogenesis. IVM of pig COCs on a 1% (w/v) agarose matrix showed a significantly higher blastocyst formation, intra-oocyte GSH contents, and transcript abundance of VEGFA. Moreover, a significantly lower intra-oocyte ROS content was detected in oocytes matured on the 1% and 2% (w/v) agarose matrices than in control. Our results demonstrated that IVM of SAFs-derived pig oocytes on a soft agarose matrix enhanced developmental ability by improving the cytoplasmic maturation of oocytes through redox balancing and regulation of gene expression.

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative change in the joint that causes damage to the articular cartilage, resulting in overexpression of inflammatory cytokine in the damaged chondrocytes, which leads to damage to the articular cartilage and is completely treated with antibiotics. We recovered the damage to the articular cartilage caused by osteoarthritis and investigated the effect of a low-molecular-weight collagen-based functional material without side effects. In this study, we investigated the ameliorative effects of YB in a monosodium idoacetate(MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rats. The experimental groups were divided with 5groups (n = 12) of SD rat: normal control(NC), MIA, MIA+L. plantarum (3×1011 CFU/ml), MIA+collagen and MIA+YB-21. Histological examinations indicated that YB-21 cartilage structure change, cartilage cell damage, and the loss of proteoglycan induced by MIA. Moreover, YB-21 reduced serum level expressions of, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), Interleukin6(IL-6), Interleukin1β(IL-1 β), Matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9), Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1(TIMP-1). These results suggest that YB has a positive effect on osteoarthritis by restoring joint cartilage and anti-inflammatory effects due to the reaction of osteoarthritis in the MIA-induced rat.

People differ greatly in their capacity to persist in the face of challenges. Despite significant research, relatively little is known about cognitive factors that might be involved in perseverance. Building upon human threat-management mechanism, we predicted that perseverant people would be characterized by reduced sensitivity (i.e., longer detection latency) to threat cues. Our data from 5,898 job applicants showed that highly perseverant individuals required more time to correctly identify anger in faces, regardless of stimulus type (dynamic or static computer-morphed faces). Such individual differences were not observed in response to other facial expressions (happiness, sadness), and the effect was independent of gender, dispositional anxiety, or conscientiousness. Discussions were centered on the potential role of threat sensitivity in effortful pursuit of goals.

목적 : 멀티포컬 콘택트렌즈(MFCL) 착용 시 시각 피질에서 발생하는 ERP 변화를 확인하기 위하여 단초점 콘택트렌즈 착용 시 나타나는 ERP 변화와 비교하였다. 방법 : 안질환이 없는 근시안 20명 (여성 15명, 남성 5명, 평균 연령 24.00±0.51세)을 대상으로 하였으며, 단안 시력 0.00 logMAR 이하, -0.75 D 이상의 난시안, 0.50 D 이상의 부등시안, 조절력이 비정상적이거나 시력교정술을 받은 경우는 제외하였다. 단초점 콘택트렌즈(SVCL)와 낮은 가입도 중심부-근용 멀티포컬 콘택트렌즈를착용시킨 후 NeuroScan SynAmps 2 프로그램을 이용하여 시피질에서 일어나는 시각반응을 ERP로 기록하였다. P100 분석은 O1, O2 채널을 사용하고, N170 분석은 P7, PO7, P8 및 PO8 채널을 사용하였다. MFCL 착용 후 나타난 P100과 N170의 활성도(amplitude)와 반응시간(latency)은 SVCL 착용 후 나타난 값과 비교하였다. 결과 : MFCL 착용 시 단안과 양안에서의 P100 활성도는 SVCL 착용 시와 차이가 없었으나 P100 반응시간은 우세안에서 SVCL 착용 상태보다 길었다(p=0.036). MFCL 착용 시 우세안의 N170 활성도는 비우세안보다 작았고(p=0.001), 비우세안은 단초점 콘택트렌즈 착용 시보다 작았다(p=0.008). 그러나 양안에서 N170 활성도와 반응시간은 SVCL 착용 상태와 차이를 보이지 않았다(p=0.200), (p=0.249). 결론 : MFCL 착용 후 초기시각반응과 인식과정은 우세안에서는 저하되었지만, 양안 상태에서는 SVCL 착용시와 차이가 없었다. 따라서 MFCL 착용 후 나타나는 망막에 맺힌 흐린 상은 양안 융합과정에서 극복되어 시기능에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 사료된다.

A novel brown rot fungus Phaeolus schweinitzii IUM 5048 was firstly used for ethanol production. It was found that this fungus produced ethanol with various sugars, such as glucose, mannose, galactose and cellobiose at 0.28, 0.22, 0.06, and 0.22 g of ethanol per g of sugar consumed, respectively. This fungus showed relatively good ethanol production from xylose at 0.23 g of ethanol per g of sugar consumed. However, the ethanol conversion rate of arabinose was relatively low (at 0.08 g of ethanol per g sugar). P. schweinitzii was capable of producing ethanol directly from rice straw and corn stalks at 0.11 g and 0.13 g of ethanol per g of substrates, respectively, when the fungus was cultured in a basal medium supplemented with 20 g/L rice straw or corn stalks. These results suggest that P. schweinitzii can hydrolyze cellulose or hemicellulose to fermentable sugars and convert them to ethanol simultaneously under oxygen limited condition

The prevalence of cancer in companion dogs is growing nowadays with the increasing worldwide population of domestic dogs. Since there is a less established standard of care in veterinary medicine, investigational treatments, such as the development of biomarkers can be considered as a therapeutic intervention for early diagnosis. Despite the enormous efforts that have been invested in the search of biomarkers, still, there is a need for easy detection of significant biological markers for predicting canine cancers at an early stage. In this study, we have analyzed the expression pattern of previously reported 46 canine cancer-associated candidate genes in blood specimens using real-time qPCR. We hypothesized that analysis of gene expression in blood would provide preliminary evidence of local or systemic immunogenic response which further contribute to the easy and early diagnosis of canine cancer from blood specimen as an analytical tool. The datasets included a total of 22 blood samples collected from different breeds of dogs diagnosed with cancer and five from healthy normal dogs. RT-qPCR analysis was performed by employing the SYBR Green PCR mix to assess the expression of these 46 genes in a total of 27 samples. From our result, a total of nine genes (ROS1, C1QA, CD48, IL1b, TLR2, IL2R, CHI3L1, CTSS, and TLR7) were found to be significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) in the cancer samples compared to non-cancer samples. The relative expression level of ROS1, C1QA, CD48, IL1b, TLR2, IL2R, CHI3L1, CTSS, and TLR7 genes was 5.74, 4.78, 3.94, 2.94, 2.57, 2.53, 2.50, 2.04, and 2.57, respectively, in cancer samples compared to non-cancer samples. Thus, our results reveal several highly expressed cancer genes that can be therapeutic target genes for further testing in canine cancers.

This study reports Chinese and Korean university EFL students’ perceptions of and attitudes toward online and face-to-face English language learning modes during COVID-19. Few previous studies have focused on how students thought of online and face-to-face learning experiences of subjects regarding new concept learning and delivery of new contents. Research gravitating around English courses showed students' mixed perceptions. The survey was conducted for 302 Korean and 337 Chinese university students who took communication-oriented English courses. Descriptive statistics and qualitative data analysis were used for analysis. Results indicated that students preferred face-to-face English learning with some specific indications of achieving a stronger help and quality for communicative competence in language. Online learning also benefited students with a sense of both flexibility and independence. Positive components of face-to-face learning for language education might be considered for online education while incorporation features such as flexibility and independence to enrich language education during COVID-19.

The first generation of Korean Christians became the main leaders of the independence movement, and they established a connection between Korean national identity and Christianity that has continued into the 21st Century. One of the main leaders of the independence movement was Soh Jae Pil. The March First Movement was a nonviolent revolution, a decade before Gandhi’s Salt March in India, that issued a Declaration of Independence and held nationwide demonstrations demanding an end to Japanese rule. Of the movement’s 33 organizers, 16 were Christians, at a time when fewer than 3 percent of Koreans were. Thus the first generation of Korean Christians made a great contribution to the March First Independence Movement,