이 논문은 W. B. 예이츠가 민주주의적 시인이었던 월트 휘트먼에게서 영향을 받아 출발했음에도 불구하고, 후기에는 권위주의에 이끌리는 복잡한 사상적 변 화를 겪었음을 고찰한다. 예이츠는 초기에 휘트먼이 제시한 ‘민중과 함께하는 시인의 이상’을 받아들였지만, 시간이 흐르며 대중 민주주의에 환멸을 느끼고 혼란과 문화적 수준 저하를 초래한다고 판단했다. 그는 엘리트주의적인 미학과 신비주의적 역사관을 통해 점차 권위와 질서를 옹호하는 방향으로 나아갔다. 이 연구는 아일랜드 독립 등 당시 역사적 상황과 함께 두 시인의 주요 작품을 면밀히 분석하고, 민주주의와 권위주 의 사이에서 갈등하는 현대 시인의 역할과 그 미학적 긴장을 조명하고자 한다.

유묘기의 저온 스트레스는 벼의 초기 생육 및 성장을 방해하여 수량 감소에 영향을 준다. 유묘기 내냉성 육종을 위해서는 내냉성을 조절하는 유전자좌를 탐색하고, 유용한 대립유전자를 도입하여 유묘기의 내냉성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국형 벼 핵심집단 134 계통의 유묘기 내냉성을 검정하고 전장유전체 연관 분석을 통해 해당 형질과 연관된 QTL 및 후보 유전자를 탐색하였다. 생육 10일 된 벼 유묘에 8°C의 저온을 3일 동안 처리한 후, 달관평가를 통해 1-10단계로 내냉성을 평가하였다. 1,781,068개의 SNP 마커를 이용한 전장유전체 분석을 통해 3, 5, 6, 9번 염색체에서 유묘기 내냉성 형질과 높은 연관성을 보인 4개의 QTL을 탐지하였다. 4개의 QTL 지역 중 염색체 5번에 위치한 qCTS5는 2개의 분석 모델에서 일관적으로 발견되어 높은 신뢰성을 보였다. qCTS5의 물리적 위치를 기준으로 24개의 유전자가 확인되었고, 이중 8개 유전자가 내냉성 형질과 관련 있다고 보고되었다. 추후 bi-parental population을 이용하여 유전자를 동정하고, 저온 환경에서의 역할을 명확히 밝히고자 한다.

Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common health problem among female caregivers. In Korea, 70.4% of caregivers experience LBP after caregiving. The prevalence of LBP was higher in female caregivers of patients who required physical assistance with transfer than in those caring for patients who did not require physical assistance. Lifting movements, such as patient transfer and positioning, are associated with lumbopelvic stability (LPS) and knee muscle strength. However, no studies have investigated the differences in LPS and knee muscle strength between female caregivers with and without CLBP. Objects: This study was conducted to investigate the differences of the LPS, knee extension strength (KES) and knee flexion strength (KFS) between female caregivers with and without CLBP. Methods: Thirty-one female caregivers participated in this study. Participants were divided into two groups: (1) caregivers without CLBP (n = 13) and (2) caregivers with CLBP (n = 18). LPS, KES, and KFS levels were measured. An independent t-test was used to compare the LPS, KES, and KFS between caregivers with and without CLBP. The statistical significance was set at α of 0.05. Results: The LPS and KES scores were significantly lower in caregivers with CLBP than those without. In contrast, the KFS did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion: This study observed associations of both LPS and KES with CLBP among female caregivers.

Given the hazards posed by black ice, it is crucial to investigate the conditions that contribute to its formation. Two ensemble machinelearning algorithms, Random Forest (RF) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), were employed to forecast the occurrence of black ice using atmospheric data. Additionally, explainable artificial intelligence techniques, including Feature Importance (FI) and partial dependence Plot (PDP), were utilized to identify atmospheric conditions that significantly increase the likelihood of black ice formation. The machinelearning algorithms achieved a forecasting accuracy of 90%, demonstrating reliable performance. FI analysis revealed distinct key predictors between the algorithms: relative humidity was the most critical for RF, whereas wind speed was paramount for XGBoost. The PDP analysis identified the specific atmospheric conditions under which black ice was likely to form. This study provides detailed insights into the atmospheric precursors of frost/fog-induced black ice formation. These findings enable road managers to implement proactive winter road maintenance strategies, such as optimizing anti-icing patrol routes and displaying warnings on various message signs, thereby enhancing road safety.

Background: Aquatic exercise utilizing hot springs helps individuals with nonspecific knee pain by reducing joint stress and providing a safe environment for movement. It can improve muscle strength and balance, enhancing overall functional mobility. Objects: This study aims to examine the muscle strength of knee flexion, knee extension, dorsiflexion, and plantar flexion, as well as to investigate static and dynamic balance in middleaged females after performing hot spring aquatic exercise for 4 weeks. Methods: Twenty-two middle-aged females participated in the study. The participants performed hot spring aquatic exercise for 4 weeks. The hot spring aquatic exercise consisted of aquatic walking, aquatic stretching, aquatic side step, aquatic forward reach, aquatic squat, leg lift, and aquatic arm and leg rotation. Muscle strength was measured using microFET2, while static balance was assessed through the one-leg stance test, and dynamic balance was evaluated using the Y-balance test. This study utilized the paired t-test for statistical analysis, with a significance level set at 0.05. Results: The muscle strength of bilateral knee flexion showed a significant increase in the pre- and post-comparison (p < 0.05), and the muscle strength of bilateral knee extension also improved significantly (p < 0.05). In addition, a significant increase was observed in the muscle strength of bilateral dorsiflexion (p < 0.05). The one-leg stance test performed while supporting on the right leg showed a significant increase in the pre- and post-comparison (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the dynamic balance measurements performed while supporting on both the right and left legs demonstrated significant improvements in both legs when compared before and after the intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In individuals with nonspecific knee pain, a 4-week hot spring aquatic exercise program can contribute to the improvement of lower extremity strength, as well as static and dynamic balance ability.

Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a globally important food crop susceptible to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) infection, which causes significant crop losses. Previous transcriptome and proteome analyses have identified several genes that show differential expression patterns in susceptible and resistant cultivars in response to root-knot nematode (RKN) infection. Among the genes responsive to this process, sporamin (SPO) genes were identified as the most abundant in the transcriptome analysis, and additional changes in the expression of SPO genes that showed specific responses to RKN infection were identified during nematode infection. In this study, we used SPO genes used in previous studies to identify expression patterns under various abiotic stress conditions. The expression of four SPO genes in sweetpotato leaves was investigated under conditions of drought, high salt, and stress-related chemicals treatment. The expression of G13675/TU22356, G34367/TU56356, and G34382/TU56395 increased similarly under dehydration and chemicals treatment conditions. On the other hand, G34367/TU56358 was constantly expressed during the stress treated conditions. This study is expected to be used as basic data on how the gene for the major protein SPO of sweetpotato responds to various abiotic stress conditions as well as nematode infection.

본 논문은 현대 세속적 맥락 속에서 예이츠의 􋺷연옥􋺸에 나타난 내재성 과 초월성의 불안한 결합을 탐구한다. 찰스 테일러의 “내재적 틀” 개념은 자족적인 자 연 질서 내에서 세계를 인식하는 현대적인 방식을 설명하기 위해 인용된다. 동시에, 내재적 틀은 초월성에 열려 있으며 다양한 형태의 신념이 등장할 수 있는 여지를 제 공한다. 이러한 새로운 관점은 예이츠가 􋺷연옥􋺸에서 묘사한 독특한 구상의 의미를 밝 히는 데 도움이 될 수 있으며, 이는 영적 구원이 거부되는 세계 속에서 자기복제적인 후회가 반복되는 순환으로 나타난다. 본 논문은 이 극의 극단적인 미니멀리즘, 물질적 현실에 대한 집중, 세대를 넘는 트라우마에 대한 탐색을 분석함으로써, 예이츠가 자연 과 초자연, 내재성과 초월성의 경계를 넘나들며, 결국 초월에 대한 욕망이 우리의 내 재적 틀과 분리될 수 없음을 드러낸다고 주장한다.