The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is an economically important pest, which harms various kinds of important agricultural crops, such as tomato. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of ionizing radiations (electron beam, X-ray, gamma-ray) on the development and reproduction of H. armigera and to determine the optimal dose of three ionizing radiations for the construction of quarantine technology applicable to tomato export.

Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) pests, including the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, are economically important in agriculture. With the annual growth of the domestic fresh fruit export market, various quarantine treatment methods are being used to export strawberries of better quality. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of ionizing radiations (electron beam, X-ray, gamma-ray) on the development and reproduction of two species of whitefly and to determine the optimal dose of three ionizing radiations for the construction of quarantine technology applicable to strawberry export.

본 조사지인 돌리네 습지보호지역은 경북 문경시 산북면 굴봉산 정상부에 위치하였으며, 물이 고이기 힘든 돌리네(doline) 지형에 형성된 희귀 습지이다. 뿐만 아니라 멸종위기종과 법적보호종이 분포하는 등 생물다양성 또한 매우 풍부한 것으로 평가되고 있다. 그러나 습지보호지역 주변으로 과수원 등 경작지가 형성되어 있어, 관리 및 보전을 위한 조사 및 대책이 필요하다. 따라서 본 조사에서는 습지보호지역의 체계적인 관리를 위하여 돌리네 습지의 곤충상을 조사하였다. 조사 방법에는 곤충의 다양한 습성과 서식환경을 고려하여, Searching, Sweeping, Pitfall trap, Bucket trap으로 총 4가지의 채집방법으로 조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 총 11목 82과 188속 237종이 확인되었으며, 이중 딱정벌레목이 가장 많이 출현하였다. 특이사항으로 환경부지정종 51종(중복포함)이 조사되었으며, 그중 멸종위 기종 1종이 확인되었다. 본 연구를 통해 돌리네 습지보호지역의 곤충상을 파악하고 관리 및 보전에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.

Beauveria bassiana is widely studied for its potential as biopesticide. However, little is known about the factors to influence genetic diversity among isolates. In this work, we aimed to study the gene diversity of 42 isolates to figure out the impact of sequences variability on various biological features. The accumulated data showed no correlation between sequence variability and the fungal geographic localization. Meanwhile, weak to strong correlations have been obtained between the sequence diversity of various genes and the studied biological features. Interestingly, Biotrophy-associated gene 2 gene variability was correlated with all the studied biological features, being an important marker to determine isolates of interest for biological control. Therefore, the obtained data would serve as a database to focus on interesting genes related to improving or screening highly virulent isolates as biological control agents.

A species of Beauveria bassiana is widely used for biological pest management in many countries. Many efforts have been given to figure out the clear fungal mode of action to enhance the insecticidal activity. Homologous recombination (knock-out) or hairpin RNA (knock-down) is popularly used in fungal gene function study, but gene cloning and generation of knock-out or -down mutants takes long time or temporarily knock-downed. Here in this work, we used previously generated egfp-expressing B. bassiana strain (Bb-egfp #3) and integrated dsegfp to the Bb-egfp #3 using a protoplast integration method. This work suggests that protoplast integration with dsRNA possibly generate significantly reduced gene expression in B. bassiana and the reduction is quite stable over generations which provide easy of functional study for fungal mode of action.

The serious emergence of chemical-mediated residual toxicity and insect resistance have been enforced the regulation of synthetic pesticides. Future decisions to select more realistic control options probably depend on the speed of technological development in chemical and biological pesticides. Now, a strategic collaboration between synthetic pesticides and biopesticides has been progressed, such as distribution and R&D in collaboration and M&A for obtaining microbial resources. Recently registered microbial pesticides are entomopathogenic fungi in pest management. A concept of e-biopesticide could be properly combined with digital agriculture and accelerate the use of biological control agents in the future farming.

The longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, is one of the vectors of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) in human. The use of pyrethroid insecticides induced pest resistance and environmental residual toxicity. Here in this work, our interest was given to the selection of highly virulent fungi against longhorned tick. A total of 101 fungal pathogens were assayed by dipping the nymph stage of ticks into a conidial suspension. Interestingly of the several species, one species showed high virulence and mycosis were observed in 7-15 days. Highly virulent strains were selected, and semi-field experiments were conducted. As a result, the control efficacy of the isolate was over 80% at 30 days of treatment. This work suggests that entomopathogenic fungi could be used to effectively control longhorend ticks.

Silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci is a worldwide agricultural pest that cause serious damage to crops. However, since this insect developed resistance to variety of chemicals, alternative control strategy needs to be studied. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control tools against this pest. We developed a dipping method in laboratory conditions to screen insecticidal activity of different fungal species and isolates against the nymphal stage of whitefly. The highly virulent isolates were characterized and 2 isolates were further selected based on their high conidial productivity and thermotolerance. Finally, several grain substrates were used to confirm the conidial productivity and thermotolerance of the selected isolates, revealing optimum conidial production when the fungi were cultured on millet grains. Both isolates could be used in further millet grain-based formulations to control the whitefly in fields.

Mosquitoes are primary medical insect pests due to their diseases transmission as vectors. In Korea, the insecticide-resistant populations of disease vector mosquito species, such as Anopheles sinensis, Culex pipiens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus, have constantly increased. Thus, management of insecticide resistance to major insecticides including pyrethroids and organophosphates is required for more efficient control of resistant populations. In this study, the quantitative sequencing (QS) protocols were established to detect the frequencies of three mutations (the L1014F on voltage sensitive sodium channel and the G119S and F331W on acetylcholinesterase 1) that are associated with either pyrethroids or organophosphates. Based on the QS protocol using newly designed non-polymorphic primers, resistance allele frequencies (RAFs) were estimated in field populations of An. sinensis, Cx. pipiens and Cx tritaeniorhynchus collected from an identical site in Korea. The dynamics of each resistance allele frequency over time in the same populations were also evaluated.

Red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae is one of the serious pests, damaging to the egg production in chickens. Moreover, the overuse of chemical insecticides caused pest resistance and environmental residual toxicity. Therefore, this work provides a screening method to select entomopathogenic fungi as a candidate of environmentally safe control agent, having high miticidal activity against D. Gallinae. The virulence test was conducted using a spraying method. Of the several species, Beauveria species showed high virulence and mycosis were observed. Some isolates were produced on eight cereal grains in Petri dish conditions. Millet, perilla seed and barley showed the high conidia production. Conidia of the isolates produced on millet and rice showed high thermal stability, when exposed to 45℃. Based on these results, this work suggests that entomopathogenic fungi could be used to control the D. Gallinae.

최근 다국적기업들의 해외진출이 활발해지면서 글로벌 브랜드에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구는 브랜드 글로벌성(PBG, Perceived Brand Globalness)을 재개념화하고 개념의 다차원성에 대한 타당성을 실증적으로 분석하고자 한다. 더 나아가 글로벌 브랜드성이 브랜드 태도에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해 중국 소비자들을 대상으로 4개 글로벌 브랜드에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 실증분석 결과, 브랜드 글로벌성은 단일 차원이 아닌 다차원으로 구성된 개념으로 나타났으며, 소비자의 브랜드 평가에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이 에 본 연구는 브랜드 글로벌성의 다차원성을 검증함으로써 학문적 및 실무적 관점에서 의미 있는 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

We have studied a method to prepare polydopamine-modified reduced graphene oxide-supported Pt nanoparticles (Pt– PDA–RGO). The Pt–PDA–RGO nanocomposites were synthesized by a wet-coating process, which was induced by selfpolymerization of dopamine. As an eco-friendly and versatile adhesive source in nature, dopamine could be easily adhered to surfaces of organic material and inorganic material via polymerization processes and spontaneous adsorption under weak alkaline pH conditions. To apply the unique features of dopamine, we synthesized Pt–PDA–RGO nanocomposites with a different quantity of dopamine, which are expected to preserve the improved Pt adsorption on graphene, resulting in the enhanced electrocatalytic performance. The morphology and micro-structure were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Compared to pristine Pt–deposited RGO (Pt–RGO), Pt–PDA–RGO (30 wt% dopamine against RGO) nanocomposites showed a superior electrochemical active surface area for a methanol oxidation. This could be related to the fact that the optimized c

Most commercially available detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) require further processing to qualify for use in biomedical applications, as they often contain many impurities and exhibit poor dispersibility in aqueous media. In this work, DNDs are modified to improve purity and impart a high colloidal stability to the particles. The dispersive and adsorption properties of modified DNDs are evaluated in terms of the suitability of DNDs as carriers for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in transdermal delivery. The study of adsorption on strongly positively and strongly negatively charged DNDs showed their high loading capacity for NSAIDs, and a pronounced relationship between the drugs and the particles’ charges. Experiments on long-term desorption carried out with DND/NSAID complexes indicate that the nanoparticles exert a sustained effect on the drug release process.

에메리개미는 여왕개미와 수개미가 유전적으로 복제되어 번식한다고 알려져 있으며, 여왕개미의 날개형태가 장시형과 단시형으로 나타난다. 장시형은 정상적인 날개형태이고, 이보다 짧은 날개형태는 단시형이라고 한다. 장시형과 단시형 모두 한 종으로 취급되지만, 두 가지 점에서 종 지위에 대한 조사가 필요하다. 첫째, 자연 상태에서는 두 날개형이 함께 발견되지 않고, 둘째, 날개형이 육안으로 뚜렷하게 구분된다. 또한 복제되어 번식한 여왕개미가 단수체인지 배수체인지 조사가 필요하다. 따라서 우리는 본 연구에서 에메리개미 유전체 크기를 추정하여 두 날개형은 동종이며, 여왕개미는 배수체임을 확인하였다.

프리지아 ‘Sweet Lemon’은 2007년 농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원에서 흰색 겹꽃 ‘Teresa’품종과 노랑색 반겹꽃 ‘Yvonne’ 품종을 교배하여 획득한 종자로부터 2007년 연노랑색 향기가 강한 겹꽃 프리지아 계통을 선발하여 품종으로 개발되었다. 2008년부터 2014년까지 개화 생육특성검정 및 육성계통평가회의 기호도 평가를 통해 선발되어 2015년 ‘Sweet Lemon’ 으로 명명되었다. ‘Sweet Lemon’은 연노랑색(RHS color chart Y2B) 겹꽃 프리지아 품종으로 화폭은 6.8cm이며 분지수는 6.7개로 다수확성 품종이다. 초장은 99cm로 초세가 강하며 대조품종 ‘Yvonne’ 91.7cm에 비해 34.7cm 더 크다. ‘Sweet Lemon’의 소화수 및 소화장은 각각 10.7개, 7.7cm로 ‘Yvonne’ 9.7개, 8.3이며 개화소요일수는 126일로 대비품종 보다 약 20일 정도 빠르다. 이 품종의 절화수명은 약 8.7일이며 자구번식력은 5.6배로 대조품종에 비해 우수하다. GC/MS를 이용한 향기분석 결과 총 58개의 방향성 화합물이 검출되었으며 주요성분은 linalool, alpha-Terpineol, alpha-Selinene, limonene이었다.